The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | dicens | saying; | ܘܐܡܪ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | On | επι | | | super | Super | On | ܠܗܘܢ | On | Ἐπὶ | On | ||||||
| — | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | ||||||
| — | Μωϋσέως | Moses’ | — | | | cathedram | cathedram | Moses’ | ܥܠ | Moses’ | Μωσέως | Moses’ | ||||||
| — | καθέδρας | seat | καθεδρας | | | moysi | Moysi | seat | ܟܘܪܤܝܐ | seat | καθέδρας | seat | ||||||
| — | ἐκάθισαν | sat down | εκαθισαν | | | sederunt | sederunt | sat down | ܕܡܘܫܐ | sat down | ἐκάθισαν | sat down | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | scribae | scribæ | scribes | ܝܬܒܘ | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܤܦܪܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | Φαρισαῖοι· | Pharisees; | φαρισαιοι | | | pharisaei | pharisæi | Pharisees; | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | Pharisees; | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 23:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||