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ur-eh-van-GAY-lee-um · the original Gospel

The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward

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Greek papyrus witnesses · four Gospels

How the Earliest Papyri column works

This column is a governed composite of surviving Gospel papyri, not a reconstruction of an original New Testament and not one continuous manuscript. It shows papyrus text only where papyrus text survives. The red lost dots are part of the evidence and are intentionally retained.

Current status: attestation checked against the declared transcriptions; manuscript-image review remains incomplete. Only recorded surviving evidence enters the word stream. Editorial restorations remain in scholarly notes. Exact witness and token coordinates are retained for every reading, including excluded restorations.

Corpus and shadow-audit record

65

registered Gospel papyri

2,132

verses with a coverage record

55,231

source coordinates retained

4,812

fully reconstructed cells moved to loss notes

4,770

partial cells showing only surviving letters

3,779

verses checked against declared transcriptions

Coverage means that a papyrus has material somewhere in a verse; it does not mean every word survives. The word-level system separately determines which letters and tokens are extant.

What this column preserves

Many physical witnesses

Papyri remain separately identified. Multiple papyri may fill different gaps, but their evidence is never blended into an unnamed manuscript.

One deterministic view

The compact column needs one reading per row. Fully preserved readings are preferred over partial readings. Chronology ranks witnesses within each evidence class; agreeing sigla share the cell and dissenting readings remain recorded.

Survival, not completion

Where no registered papyrus preserves text, the column remains lost. Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, Byzantine, and later codices are not fallback text.

Source hierarchy

Governing text

CNTR Class 1 papyrus transcriptions

Local P*.txt witnesses determine displayed readings. Their markup distinguishes readable text, damage, missing characters, and editorial supply. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Verification

INTF NTVMR diplomatic transcriptions

INTF checks witness identity and difficult conditions, especially leading loss. It does not erase a recorded disagreement.

Alignment aid

TAGNT and guide columns

They identify likely positions in the shared table. They are not papyrus witnesses and cannot create surviving text or decide between papyrus variants.

The seven-stage system

1

Register

Retain each papyrus siglum, date range, coverage, and source identity.

2

Transcribe

CNTR supplies governing text; INTF checks witness identity and difficult conditions.

3

Order

Scan surviving tokens forward in their own manuscript order; record transpositions.

4

Align

Guide witnesses locate shared rows but never supply papyrus wording.

5

Select

Prefer a complete preserved reading; rank witnesses by date within each evidence class.

6

Condition

Keep readable damage, missing text, and editorial supply distinct.

7

Certify or hold

Admit source-supported tokens and retain unresolved evidence explicitly.

When papyri disagree

  1. Prefer a fully preserved reading; if none survives, show only surviving letters.
  2. Within the same evidence class, rank by the starting year of the published date range.
  3. On a tie, use the lower Gregory–Aland papyrus number.
  4. Attach sigla only for witnesses preserving the selected reading to the displayed extent. Keep partial and supplied witnesses distinct in notes.
  5. Preserve dissenting readings in provenance.

This selects a public display; it does not claim the earliest surviving reading is necessarily the autograph.

How rows are aligned

  • Source order is preserved by contiguous forward scan.
  • Vaticanus is the primary structural guide because it is early, Greek, and nearly continuous.
  • Sinaiticus and Byzantine may corroborate placement where Vaticanus is absent or uncertain.
  • A guide controls row location only—not wording, survival, selection, or English.
  • Transpositions receive explicit provenance; word-count balancing is forbidden.

Matthew 1:7: unresolved P1 readings

The symbols describe the declared source transcription. Letter markings distinguish readable damage from missing characters. A source-conflict notice identifies a disagreement between transcriptions; it does not resolve which reading the manuscript supports.

Papyrus symbol key

Preserved word
The transcription retains every letter. Individual letters may still carry damage markings.
Partly preserved word
Some letters are missing. Only surviving letters are displayed.
Not extant
No papyrus text is available for this position. Another tradition does not fill the gap.
Damaged letter
A dotted underline and tinted background mark damaged traces retained by CNTR.
Missing letter
A middle dot holds the place of a missing character; the proposed letter is withheld.
English for a proposed reading
The English gloss describes a proposed complete reading of a partly preserved word. It does not certify the missing letters.

Where a verified free image is available, the colored indicator links to it. These markings do not independently certify the physical ink.

Certification status

The corpus retains every original source coordinate, including editorial reconstructions, while separating surviving text from proposed restorations. Corpus construction and page loading enforce the same word-level admission rule. A build check rejects data that would silently reintroduce supplied words or completed missing letters. These checks verify fidelity to the declared transcriptions; they do not certify that every manuscript image has been inspected.

Admission and alignment are separate. Papyrus attestation determines what appears; neighboring certified source coordinates and the comparative grid determine placement. A different reading normally shares the same row when it occupies the same position in the sentence—the disagreement is the evidence being displayed. Multiple papyrus word-units may share one cell when another tradition expresses the corresponding unit differently. Agreement with Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, Byzantine, or another tradition is never an admission requirement. Separate papyrus-only or transposition rows are reserved for additions, genuinely unavailable comparison positions, and order differences that the shared grid cannot represent honestly. External scholarly review, pinned source revisions, and the separate English audit remain additional certification layers.

Evidence appendix

The Papyrus Map remains the public data appendix: chronology, coverage dots, Gospel distribution, chapter coverage, transcription status, and fragment records. It answers “what survives where?” This page answers “by what rules does that evidence enter the column?”

Explore all 65 papyri

Matthew 1:7: unresolved P1 readings

The column follows the declared CNTR transcription. INTF supplies letters at four positions that CNTR retains. Inspection of the manuscript image has not resolved these differences. The table below records the disagreement; it does not certify which traces survive.

Middle dots replace letters marked as supplied or missing. Word numbers follow P1’s 15 words in this verse.
OccurrenceCNTR displayINTF without supplied lettersDisputed letter
3 · first “begat”εγεννησενεγεννη·ενSigma: damaged in CNTR; supplied in INTF.
5 · first Rehoboamροβοαμ·οβοαμInitial rho: retained without a damage mark in CNTR; supplied in INTF.
9 · second “the”τ·ν··νInitial tau: damaged in CNTR; supplied in INTF.
14 · third “the”τον·ονInitial tau: damaged in CNTR; supplied in INTF.

Both transcriptions supply epsilon and iota in the first Abijah and the final phi in Asaph. The column therefore shows αβ··α and ασα·. The English dagger identifies a proposed complete reading.

Compare the CNTR transcription, INTF transcription, and P1 manuscript images.

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