The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ἀκούσαντες | Having heard | ακουσαντες | | | audientes | Auditis his | having heard these things | ܬܠܡܝܕܐ | Having heard | Ἀκούσαντες | Having heard | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | stupebant | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | μαθηταὶ | disciples | μαθηται | | | discipuli | discipuli | disciples | ܫܡܥܘ | disciples | μαθηταὶ | disciples | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of him | — | | | et | — | — | ܬܗܝܪܝܢ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | ||||||
| — | ἐξεπλήσσοντο | were astonished | εξεπλησσοντο | | | ualde | mirabantur | were astonished | ܗܘܘ | were astonished | ἐξεπλήσσοντο | were astonished | ||||||
| — | σφόδρα | exceedingly | σφοδρα | | | dicentes | valde | greatly | ܛܒ | exceedingly | σφόδρα | exceedingly | ||||||
| — | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | quis | dicentes | saying | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | ||||||
| — | τίς | Who | τις | | | timuerunt | Quis | who | ܡܢܘ | Who | Τίς | Who | ||||||
| — | ἄρα | then | αρα | | | potest | ergo | then | ܟܝ | then | ἄρα | then | ||||||
| — | δύναται | is able | δυναται | | | saluari | poterit | can | ܡܫܟܚ | is able | δύναται | is able | ||||||
| — | σωθῆναι; | to be saved? | σωθηναι | | | igitur | salvus esse | be saved | ܕܢܚܐ | to be saved? | σωθῆναι | to be saved? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 20:23 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||