The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | εαν | | | si | si | if | — | — | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | γένηται | he may happen | γενηται | | | fuerit | contigerit | he may happen | ܢܫܟܚܗ | he may happen | γένηται | he may happen | ||||||
| — | εὑρεῖν | to find | ευρειν | | | ut | ut inveniat | that he finds | ܐܡܝܢ | to find | εὑρεῖν | to find | ||||||
| — | αὐτό, | it, | αυτο | | | inueniat | eam | it | — | — | αὐτό | it, | ||||||
| — | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | eam | amen | amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | ἀμὴν | Amen | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | amen | dico | I say | ܠܟܘܢ | I say | λέγω | I say | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | dico | vobis | to you | — | — | ὑμῖν | to you | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | uobis | quia | that | ܕܚܕܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | χαίρει | he rejoices | χαιρει | | | quia | gaudet | he rejoices | ܒܗ | he rejoices | χαίρει | he rejoices | ||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | over | επ | | | gaudet | super | over | — | — | ἐπ’ | over | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | it | αυτω | | | super | eam | it | ܝܬܝܪ | it | αὐτῷ | it | ||||||
| — | μᾶλλον | more | μαλλον | | | in | magis | more | ܡܢ | more | μᾶλλον | more | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | η | | | magis | — | — | — | — | ἢ | than | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | over | επι | | | quam | super | over | ܬܫܥܝܢ | over | ἐπὶ | over | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | the | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | ||||||
| — | ἐνενήκοντα | ninety | — | | | non | nonaginta | ninety | ܘܬܫܥܐ | ninety | ἐνενήκοντα | ninety | ||||||
| — | ἐννέα | nine | — | | | illa | novem | nine | — | — | ἐννέα | nine | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | which | τοις | | | quae | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | which | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | xcviiii | non | not | ܕܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | ||||||
| — | πεπλανημένοις. | gone astray. | πεπλανημενοις | | | errauerunt | erraverunt | gone astray. | ܛܥܘ | gone astray. | πεπλανημένοις | gone astray. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 18:15 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||