The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܟܪܝܬ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | λυπηθεὶς | being grieved | λυπηθεις | | | contristatus | contristatus est | was grieved | ܠܗ | being grieved | ἐλυπήθη | being grieved | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | propter | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεὺς | king | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | king | ܠܡܠܟܐ | king | βασιλεύς | king | ||||||
| — | διὰ | on account of | δια | | | propter | propter | on account of | ܡܛܠ | on account of | διὰ | on account of | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | — | | | — | — | — | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | conrecumbentes | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | ὅρκους | oaths | ορκους | | | et | juramentum | oath | ܡܘܡܬܐ | oaths | ὅρκους | oaths | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | et | and | ܘܤܡܝܟܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | those | τους | | | iussit | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | those | ||||||
| — | συνανακειμένους | reclining with him | συνανακειμενους | | | — | qui pariter recumbebant | who reclined with him | ܦܩܕ | reclining with him | συνανακειμένους | reclining with him | ||||||
| — | ἐκέλευσεν | he commanded it | εκελευσεν | | | dari | jussit | ordered | ܕܢܬܝܗܒ | he commanded it | ἐκέλευσεν | he commanded it | ||||||
| — | δοθῆναι. | to be given. | δοθηναι | | | iusiurandum | dari | to be given | ܠܗ | to be given. | δοθῆναι | to be given. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||