The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | mittens | Misitque | And | ܘܫܕܪ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | πέμψας | he having sent | πεμψας | | | et | et | he having sent | ܦܤܩܗ | he having sent | πέμψας | he having sent | ||||||
| — | ἀπεκεφάλισεν | beheaded | απεκεφαλισεν | | | decollauit | decollavit | beheaded | ܪܫܗ | beheaded | ἀπεκεφάλισεν | beheaded | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰωάννην | John | ϊωαννην | | | — | Joannem | John | ܕܝܘܚܢܢ | John | Ἰωάννην | John | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܒܝܬ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | iohannen | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | φυλακῇ. | prison. | φυλακη | | | carcerem | carcere | prison. | ܐܤܝܪܐ | prison. | φυλακῇ | prison. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||