The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP21 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | autem | Et | And | ܘܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
ειP21 | if | εἰ | if | ει | | | si | si | if | ܤܛܢܐ | if | εἰ | if | |||||
οP21 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | eius | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
σατανασP21 | Satan | σατανᾶς | Satan | σατανας | | | satanas | Satanas | Satan | ܠܤܛܢܐ | Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satan | |||||
τὸνP21 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
σατανᾶνP21 | Satan | σατανᾶν | Satan | σαταναν | | | satanam | Satanam | Satan | — | — | Σατανᾶν | Satan | |||||
ἐκβάλλει,P21 | casts out, | ἐκβάλλει, | casts out, | εκ βαλλει | | | eicit | ejicit | casts out, | ܡܦܩ | casts out, | ἐκβάλλει | casts out, | |||||
ἐφ᾽P21 | against | ἐφ᾽ | against | εφ | | | — | adversus | against | ܥܠ | against | ἐφ’ | against | |||||
ἑαυτὸνP21 | himself | ἑαυτὸν | himself | εαυτον | | | se | se | himself | ܢܦܫܗ | himself | ἑαυτὸν | himself | |||||
ἐμερίσθη·P21 | he is divided; | ἐμερίσθη· | he is divided; | εμερισθη | | | diuisus | divisus est | is divided | ܐܬܦܠܓ | he is divided; | ἐμερίσθη | he is divided; | |||||
πῶςP21 | How | πῶς | How | πως | | | est | quomodo | how | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | πῶς | How | |||||
οὖνP21 | then | οὖν | then | ουν | | | quomodo | ergo | then | — | — | οὖν | then | |||||
σταθήσεταιP21 | will stand | σταθήσεται | will stand | σταθησεται | | | ergo | stabit | will stand | ܗܟܝܠ | will stand | σταθήσεται | will stand | |||||
ἡP21 | the | ἡ | the | η | | | in | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | |||||
βασιλείαP21 | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | βασιλεια | | | stabit | regnum | kingdom | ܩܝܡܐ | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | |||||
αὐτοῦ;P21 | of him? | αὐτοῦ; | of him? | αυτου | | | regnum | ejus | his | ܡܠܟܘܬܗ | of him? | αὐτοῦ | of him? | |||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 12:32 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||