The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP19 | And | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܗܘܐ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
εγενετοP19 | it came to pass | ἐγένετο | it came to pass | εγενετο | | | factum | factum est | it came to pass | ܕܟܕ | it came to pass | ἐγένετο | it came to pass | |||||
οτεP19 | when | ὅτε | when | οτε | | | est | cum | when | — | — | ὅτε | when | |||||
ετελεσενP19 | finished | ἐτέλεσεν | finished | ετελεσεν | | | cum | consummasset | he had finished | ܫܠܡ | finished | ἐτέλεσεν | finished | |||||
οP19 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ciuitatibus | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ιησουσP19 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | consummasset | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
διατασσωνP19 | commanding | διατάσσων | commanding | διατασσων | | | ihs | præcipiens | commanding | ܠܡܦܩܕܘ | commanding | διατάσσων | commanding | |||||
τοισP19 | the | τοῖς | the | τοις | | | eorum | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | |||||
δωδεκαP19 | twelve | δώδεκα | twelve | δωδεκα | | | praecipiens | duodecim | twelve | — | — | δώδεκα | twelve | |||||
μαθηταισP19 | disciples | μαθηταῖς | disciples | μαθηταις | | | duodecim | discipulis | disciples | ܠܬܪܥܤܪ | disciples | μαθηταῖς | disciples | |||||
αυτουP19 | of Him, | αὐτοῦ, | of Him, | αυτου | | | discipulis | suis | his | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | of Him, | αὐτοῦ | of Him, | |||||
μετεβηP19 | He departed | μετέβη | He departed | μετεβη | | | suis | transiit | departed | ܫܢܝ | He departed | μετέβη | He departed | |||||
εκειθενP19 | from there | ἐκεῖθεν | from there | εκειθεν | | | transiit | inde | from there | — | — | ἐκεῖθεν | from there | |||||
τουP19 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
διδασκεινP19 | to teach | διδάσκειν | to teach | διδασκειν | | | inde | ut doceret | to teach | ܡܢ | to teach | διδάσκειν | to teach | |||||
καιP19 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | et | and | ܬܡܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
κηρυσσεινP19 | to preach | κηρύσσειν | to preach | κηρυσσειν | | | docere | prædicaret | to preach | ܠܡܠܦܘ | to preach | κηρύσσειν | to preach | |||||
ενP19 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | et | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | |||||
ταισP19 | the | ταῖς | the | ταις | | | — | — | — | — | — | ταῖς | the | |||||
πολεσινP19 | cities | πόλεσιν | cities | πολεσιν | | | praedicare | civitatibus | cities | ܘܠܡܟܪܙܘ | cities | πόλεσιν | cities | |||||
αυτωνP19 | of them. | αὐτῶν.¶ | of them. | αυτων | | | in | eorum | their | ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ | of them. | αὐτῶν | of them. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||