The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηνP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Was | Ἦν | Was | ην | | | erat | Erat | Was | ܐܝܬ | Was | Ἦν | Was | |||||
δεP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | now | δέ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | now | |||||
τισP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | a certain man | τις | a certain man | τις | | | quidam | quidam | a certain man | ܕܝܢ | a certain man | τις | a certain man | |||||
ασθενωνP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | ailing, | ἀσθενῶν, | ailing, | ασθενων | | | infirmus | languens | ailing, | ܚܕ | ailing, | ἀσθενῶν | ailing, | |||||
λαζαροσP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Lazarus | Λάζαρος | Lazarus | λαζαρος | | | lazarus | Lazarus | Lazarus | ܕܟܪܝܗ | Lazarus | Λάζαρος | Lazarus | |||||
αποP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | of | ἀπὸ | of | απο | | | — | a | of | ܠܥܙܪ | of | ἀπὸ | of | |||||
βηθανιαμP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Bethany | Βηθανίας | Bethany | βηθανιας | | | bethania | Bethania | Bethany | — | — | Βηθανίας | Bethany | |||||
εκP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | de | de | of | ܡܢ | of | ἐκ | of | |||||
τησP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
κωμησP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | village | κώμης | village | κωμης | | | castello | castello | village | ܒܝܬ | village | κώμης | village | |||||
μαριασP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | of Mary | Μαρίας | of Mary | — | | | mariae | Mariæ | of Mary | ܥܢܝܐ | of Mary | Μαρίας | of Mary | |||||
καιP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܩܪܝܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
μαρθασP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | Martha | Μάρθας | Martha | — | | | martae | Marthæ | Martha | ܐܚܘܗ | Martha | Μάρθας | Martha | |||||
τησP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | de | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
αδελφησP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | sister | ἀδελφῆς | sister | αδελφης | | | sororis | sororis | sister | ܕܡܪܝܡ | sister | ἀδελφῆς | sister | |||||
αυτησP45 · P6 · P66 · P75 | of her; | αὐτῆς· | of her; | αυτης | | | eius | ejus | of her; | ܘܕܡܪܬܐ | of her; | αὐτῆς | of her; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||