Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
περιP45		Concerning	περὶ	Concerning	περι	\|	de	De	from/of	ܥܠ	Concerning	Περὶ	Concerning
δεP45		now	δὲ	now	δε	\|	mortuis	mortuis	?	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	now
τωνP45		the	τῶν	the	των	\|	iacob	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
νεκρωνP45		dead	νεκρῶν	dead	νεκρων	\|	autem	autem	but/however	ܕܝܢ	dead	νεκρῶν	dead
οτιP45		that	ὅτι	that	οτι	\|	quod	quod	which/that	—	—	ὅτι	that
εγειρονταιP45		they rise,	ἐγείρονται,	they rise,	εγειρονται	\|	resurgant	resurgant	?	ܕܩܝܡܝܢ	they rise,	ἐγείρονται	they rise,
ουκP45		surely	οὐκ	surely	ουκ	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	surely	οὐκ	surely
ανεγνωτεP45		you have read	ἀνέγνωτε	you have read	—	\|	legistis	legistis	?	ܩܪܝܬܘܢ	you have read	ἀνέγνωτε	you have read
ενP45		in	ἐν	in	εν	\|	in	in	in	ܒܟܬܒܐ	in	ἐν	in
τηιP45		the	τῇ	the	τη	\|	ds	libro	?	—	—	τῇ	the
βιβλωιP45		book	βίβλῳ	book	—	\|	libro	Moysi	?	ܕܡܘܫܐ	book	βίβλῳ	book
μωσεωσP45		of Moses	Μωϋσέως	of Moses	μωϋσεως	\|	moysi	super	upon/over	—	—	Μωσέως	of Moses
επιP45		on	ἐπὶ	on	επι	\|	—	rubum	?	ܐܝܟܢܐ	on	ἐπὶ	on
τουP45		the	τοῦ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	the
βατουP45		bush	βάτου	bush	βατου	\|	rubum	quomodo	?	ܡܢ	bush	βάτου	bush
πωσP45		how	πῶς	how	—	\|	quomodo	dixerit	?	ܤܢܝܐ	how	ὡς	how
ειπενP45		spoke	εἶπεν	spoke	ειπεν	\|	dixerit	illi	to him/those	ܐܡܪ	spoke	εἶπεν	spoke
οP45		to him	αὐτῷ	to him	αυτω	\|	illi	Deus	God	ܠܗ	to him	αὐτῷ	to him
θσP45		<the>	ὁ	<the>	ο	\|	dicens	—	—	—	—	ὁ	<the>
λεγωνP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	—	inquiens	?	ܐܠܗܐ	God	θεός	God
εγωP45		saying;	λέγων·	saying;	λεγων	\|	in	Ego	I	—	—	λέγων	saying;
οP45		I myself am	ἐγὼ	I myself am	εγω	\|	ego	sum	?	ܐܢܐ	I myself am	Ἐγὼ	I myself am
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
αβρααμP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	ds	Deus	God	ܐܢܐ	God	θεὸς	God
καιP45		of Abraham	Ἀβραὰμ	of Abraham	αβρααμ	\|	—	Abraham	Abraham	ܐܠܗܗ	of Abraham	Ἀβραάμ	of Abraham
οP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	abraham	et	and	ܕܐܒܪܗܡ	and	καὶ	and
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	ds	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
ισαακP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	et	Deus	God	ܘܐܠܗܗ	God	θεὸς	God
καιP45		of Isaac	Ἰσαὰκ	of Isaac	—	\|	—	Isaac	Isaac	—	—	Ἰσαάκ	of Isaac
οP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	isaac	et	and	ܕܐܝܤܚܩ	and	καὶ	and
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
ιακωβP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	et	Deus	God	ܘܐܠܗܗ	God	θεὸς	God
Ἰακώβ;P45		of Jacob’?	Ἰακώβ;	of Jacob’?	ϊακωβ	\|	ds	Jacob	Jacob	ܕܝܥܩܘܒ	of Jacob’?	Ἰακώβ	of Jacob’?
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
περιP45		Concerning	περὶ	Concerning	περι	\|	de	De	from/of	ܥܠ	Concerning	Περὶ	Concerning
δεP45		now	δὲ	now	δε	\|	mortuis	mortuis	?	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	now
τωνP45		the	τῶν	the	των	\|	iacob	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
νεκρωνP45		dead	νεκρῶν	dead	νεκρων	\|	autem	autem	but/however	ܕܝܢ	dead	νεκρῶν	dead
οτιP45		that	ὅτι	that	οτι	\|	quod	quod	which/that	—	—	ὅτι	that
εγειρονταιP45		they rise,	ἐγείρονται,	they rise,	εγειρονται	\|	resurgant	resurgant	?	ܕܩܝܡܝܢ	they rise,	ἐγείρονται	they rise,
ουκP45		surely	οὐκ	surely	ουκ	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	surely	οὐκ	surely
ανεγνωτεP45		you have read	ἀνέγνωτε	you have read	—	\|	legistis	legistis	?	ܩܪܝܬܘܢ	you have read	ἀνέγνωτε	you have read
ενP45		in	ἐν	in	εν	\|	in	in	in	ܒܟܬܒܐ	in	ἐν	in
τηιP45		the	τῇ	the	τη	\|	ds	libro	?	—	—	τῇ	the
βιβλωιP45		book	βίβλῳ	book	—	\|	libro	Moysi	?	ܕܡܘܫܐ	book	βίβλῳ	book
μωσεωσP45		of Moses	Μωϋσέως	of Moses	μωϋσεως	\|	moysi	super	upon/over	—	—	Μωσέως	of Moses
επιP45		on	ἐπὶ	on	επι	\|	—	rubum	?	ܐܝܟܢܐ	on	ἐπὶ	on
τουP45		the	τοῦ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	the
βατουP45		bush	βάτου	bush	βατου	\|	rubum	quomodo	?	ܡܢ	bush	βάτου	bush
πωσP45		how	πῶς	how	—	\|	quomodo	dixerit	?	ܤܢܝܐ	how	ὡς	how
ειπενP45		spoke	εἶπεν	spoke	ειπεν	\|	dixerit	illi	to him/those	ܐܡܪ	spoke	εἶπεν	spoke
οP45		to him	αὐτῷ	to him	αυτω	\|	illi	Deus	God	ܠܗ	to him	αὐτῷ	to him
θσP45		<the>	ὁ	<the>	ο	\|	dicens	—	—	—	—	ὁ	<the>
λεγωνP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	—	inquiens	?	ܐܠܗܐ	God	θεός	God
εγωP45		saying;	λέγων·	saying;	λεγων	\|	in	Ego	I	—	—	λέγων	saying;
οP45		I myself am	ἐγὼ	I myself am	εγω	\|	ego	sum	?	ܐܢܐ	I myself am	Ἐγὼ	I myself am
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
αβρααμP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	ds	Deus	God	ܐܢܐ	God	θεὸς	God
καιP45		of Abraham	Ἀβραὰμ	of Abraham	αβρααμ	\|	—	Abraham	Abraham	ܐܠܗܗ	of Abraham	Ἀβραάμ	of Abraham
οP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	abraham	et	and	ܕܐܒܪܗܡ	and	καὶ	and
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	ds	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
ισαακP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	et	Deus	God	ܘܐܠܗܗ	God	θεὸς	God
καιP45		of Isaac	Ἰσαὰκ	of Isaac	—	\|	—	Isaac	Isaac	—	—	Ἰσαάκ	of Isaac
οP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	isaac	et	and	ܕܐܝܤܚܩ	and	καὶ	and
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
ιακωβP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	et	Deus	God	ܘܐܠܗܗ	God	θεὸς	God
Ἰακώβ;P45		of Jacob’?	Ἰακώβ;	of Jacob’?	ϊακωβ	\|	ds	Jacob	Jacob	ܕܝܥܩܘܒ	of Jacob’?	Ἰακώβ	of Jacob’?
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Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

περιP45

Concerning

περὶ

Concerning

περι

from/of

ܥܠ

Concerning

Περὶ

Concerning

δεP45

now

δὲ

now

δε

mortuis

ܕܝܢ

but

δὲ

now

τωνP45

the

τῶν

the

των

iacob

—

τῶν

the

νεκρωνP45

dead

νεκρῶν

dead

νεκρων

autem

but/however

ܕܝܢ

dead

νεκρῶν

dead

οτιP45

that

ὅτι

that

οτι

quod

which/that

—

ὅτι

that

εγειρονταιP45

they rise,

ἐγείρονται,

they rise,

εγειρονται

resurgant

ܕܩܝܡܝܢ

they rise,

ἐγείρονται

they rise,

ουκP45

surely

οὐκ

surely

ουκ

non

not

ܠܐ

surely

οὐκ

surely

ανεγνωτεP45

you have read

ἀνέγνωτε

you have read

—

legistis

ܩܪܝܬܘܢ

you have read

ἀνέγνωτε

you have read

ενP45

ἐν

εν

ܒܟܬܒܐ

ἐν

τηιP45

the

τῇ

the

τη

libro

—

τῇ

the

βιβλωιP45

book

βίβλῳ

book

—

libro

Moysi

ܕܡܘܫܐ

book

βίβλῳ

book

μωσεωσP45

of Moses

Μωϋσέως

of Moses

μωϋσεως

moysi

super

upon/over

—

Μωσέως

of Moses

επιP45

ἐπὶ

επι

—

rubum

ܐܝܟܢܐ

ἐπὶ

τουP45

the

τοῦ

the

—

τοῦ

the

βατουP45

bush

βάτου

bush

βατου

rubum

quomodo

ܡܢ

bush

βάτου

bush

πωσP45

how

πῶς

how

—

quomodo

dixerit

ܤܢܝܐ

how

ὡς

how

ειπενP45

spoke

εἶπεν

spoke

ειπεν

dixerit

illi

to him/those

ܐܡܪ

spoke

εἶπεν

spoke

οP45

to him

αὐτῷ

to him

αυτω

illi

Deus

God

ܠܗ

to him

αὐτῷ

to him

θσP45

<the>

ὁ

<the>

dicens

—

ὁ

<the>

λεγωνP45

God

θεὸς

God

—

inquiens

ܐܠܗܐ

God

θεός

God

εγωP45

saying;

λέγων·

saying;

λεγων

Ego

—

λέγων

saying;

οP45

I myself am

ἐγὼ

I myself am

εγω

ego

sum

ܐܢܐ

I myself am

Ἐγὼ

I myself am

θσP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

αβρααμP45

God

θεὸς

God

—

Deus

God

ܐܢܐ

God

θεὸς

God

καιP45

of Abraham

Ἀβραὰμ

of Abraham

αβρααμ

—

Abraham

ܐܠܗܗ

of Abraham

Ἀβραάμ

of Abraham

οP45

and

καὶ

and

και

abraham

and

ܕܐܒܪܗܡ

and

καὶ

and

θσP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

ισαακP45

God

θεὸς

God

—

Deus

God

ܘܐܠܗܗ

God

θεὸς

God

καιP45

of Isaac

Ἰσαὰκ

of Isaac

—

Isaac

—

Ἰσαάκ

of Isaac

οP45

and

καὶ

and

και

isaac

and

ܕܐܝܤܚܩ

and

καὶ

and

θσP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

ιακωβP45

God

θεὸς

God

—

Deus

God

ܘܐܠܗܗ

God

θεὸς

God

Ἰακώβ;P45

of Jacob’?

Ἰακώβ;

of Jacob’?

ϊακωβ

Jacob

ܕܝܥܩܘܒ

of Jacob’?

Ἰακώβ

of Jacob’?

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See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 12:26

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 12:26

Translation Lineage