Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
ουκP45		Not	οὐκ	Not	ουκ	\|	non	Non	Not	ܘܠܐ	Not	Οὐκ	Not
εστινP45		He is	ἔστιν	He is	εστιν	\|	est	est	He is	ܗܘܐ	He is	ἔστιν	He is
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	ds	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
νεκρωνP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	—	Deus	God	ܐܠܗܐ	God	θεὸς	God
αλλαP45		of the dead	νεκρῶν	of the dead	νεκρων	\|	mortuorum	mortuorum	of the dead	ܕܡܝܬܐ	of the dead	νεκρῶν	of the dead
ζωντωνP45		but	ἀλλὰ	but	αλλα	\|	sed	sed	but	ܐܠܐ	but	ἀλλὰ	but
πολυP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	—	—	—	ܕܚܝܐ	God	θεὸς	God
πλανασθεP45		of the living;	ζώντων·	of the living;	ζωντων	\|	uiuorum	vivorum	of the living;	ܐܢܬܘܢ	of the living;	ζώντων	of the living;
ὑμεῖςP45		you yourselves	ὑμεῖς	you yourselves	ϋμεις	\|	uos	Vos	you yourselves	ܗܟܝܠ	you yourselves	ὑμεῖς	you yourselves
οὖνP45		therefore	οὖν	therefore	ουν	\|	ergo	ergo	therefore	ܤܓܝ	therefore	οὖν	therefore
πολὺP45		Greatly	πολὺ	Greatly	πολυ	\|	multum	multum	Greatly	ܛܥܝܢ	Greatly	πολὺ	Greatly
πλανᾶσθε.¶P45		you err.	πλανᾶσθε.¶	you err.	—	\|	erratis	erratis	you err.	ܐܢܬܘܢ	you err.	πλανᾶσθε	you err.
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
ουκP45		Not	οὐκ	Not	ουκ	\|	non	Non	Not	ܘܠܐ	Not	Οὐκ	Not
εστινP45		He is	ἔστιν	He is	εστιν	\|	est	est	He is	ܗܘܐ	He is	ἔστιν	He is
θσP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	ds	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
νεκρωνP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	—	Deus	God	ܐܠܗܐ	God	θεὸς	God
αλλαP45		of the dead	νεκρῶν	of the dead	νεκρων	\|	mortuorum	mortuorum	of the dead	ܕܡܝܬܐ	of the dead	νεκρῶν	of the dead
ζωντωνP45		but	ἀλλὰ	but	αλλα	\|	sed	sed	but	ܐܠܐ	but	ἀλλὰ	but
πολυP45		God	θεὸς	God	—	\|	—	—	—	ܕܚܝܐ	God	θεὸς	God
πλανασθεP45		of the living;	ζώντων·	of the living;	ζωντων	\|	uiuorum	vivorum	of the living;	ܐܢܬܘܢ	of the living;	ζώντων	of the living;
ὑμεῖςP45		you yourselves	ὑμεῖς	you yourselves	ϋμεις	\|	uos	Vos	you yourselves	ܗܟܝܠ	you yourselves	ὑμεῖς	you yourselves
οὖνP45		therefore	οὖν	therefore	ουν	\|	ergo	ergo	therefore	ܤܓܝ	therefore	οὖν	therefore
πολὺP45		Greatly	πολὺ	Greatly	πολυ	\|	multum	multum	Greatly	ܛܥܝܢ	Greatly	πολὺ	Greatly
πλανᾶσθε.¶P45		you err.	πλανᾶσθε.¶	you err.	—	\|	erratis	erratis	you err.	ܐܢܬܘܢ	you err.	πλανᾶσθε	you err.
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Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

ουκP45

Not

οὐκ

Not

ουκ

non

Non

Not

ܘܠܐ

Not

Οὐκ

Not

εστινP45

He is

ἔστιν

He is

εστιν

est

He is

ܗܘܐ

He is

ἔστιν

He is

θσP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

νεκρωνP45

God

θεὸς

God

—

Deus

God

ܐܠܗܐ

God

θεὸς

God

αλλαP45

of the dead

νεκρῶν

of the dead

νεκρων

mortuorum

of the dead

ܕܡܝܬܐ

of the dead

νεκρῶν

of the dead

ζωντωνP45

but

ἀλλὰ

but

αλλα

sed

but

ܐܠܐ

but

ἀλλὰ

but

πολυP45

God

θεὸς

God

—

ܕܚܝܐ

God

θεὸς

God

πλανασθεP45

of the living;

ζώντων·

of the living;

ζωντων

uiuorum

vivorum

of the living;

ܐܢܬܘܢ

of the living;

ζώντων

of the living;

ὑμεῖςP45

you yourselves

ὑμεῖς

you yourselves

ϋμεις

uos

Vos

you yourselves

ܗܟܝܠ

you yourselves

ὑμεῖς

you yourselves

οὖνP45

therefore

οὖν

therefore

ουν

ergo

therefore

ܤܓܝ

therefore

οὖν

therefore

πολὺP45

Greatly

πολὺ

Greatly

πολυ

multum

Greatly

ܛܥܝܢ

Greatly

πολὺ

Greatly

πλανᾶσθε.¶P45

you err.

πλανᾶσθε.¶

you err.

—

erratis

you err.

ܐܢܬܘܢ

you err.

πλανᾶσθε

you err.

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Mark 12:27

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 12:27

Translation Lineage