The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | μοιχεῖαι, | adulteries | — | | | inpudicitia | furta | adulteries | ܥܠܘܒܘܬܐ | adulteries | κλοπαί | adulteries | ||||||
| — | πλεονεξίαι, | covetous desires, | πλεονεξια | | | auaritia | avaritiæ | covetous desires, | ܒܝܫܘܬܐ | covetous desires, | πλεονεξίαι | covetous desires, | ||||||
| — | πονηρίαι, | wickednesses, | — | | | nequitia | nequitiæ | wickednesses, | ܢܟܠܐ | wickednesses, | πονηρίαι | wickednesses, | ||||||
| — | δόλος, | deceit, | δολος | | | dolus | dolus | deceit, | ܨܚܢܘܬܐ | deceit, | δόλος | deceit, | ||||||
| — | ἀσέλγεια, | sensuality, | ασελγεια | | | — | impudicitiæ | sensuality, | — | — | ἀσέλγεια | sensuality, | ||||||
| — | ὀφθαλμὸς | an eye | οφθαλμος | | | oculus | oculus | an eye | ܥܝܢܐ | an eye | ὀφθαλμὸς | an eye | ||||||
| — | πονηρός, | evil, | πονηρος | | | malus | malus | evil, | ܒܝܫܬܐ | evil, | πονηρός | evil, | ||||||
| — | βλασφημία, | slander, | βλασφημιαι | | | blasphemia | blasphemia | slander, | ܓܘܕܦܐ | slander, | βλασφημία | slander, | ||||||
| — | ὑπερηφανία, | pride, | ϋπερηφανιαι | | | superuia | superbia | pride, | ܫܒܗܪܢܘܬܐ | pride, | ὑπερηφανία | pride, | ||||||
| — | ἀφροσύνη· | foolishness; | αφροσυνη | | | stultitia | stultitia | foolishness; | ܫܛܝܘܬܐ | foolishness; | ἀφροσύνη | foolishness; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 7:25 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||