The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܩܪܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | προσκαλεσάμενος | having called to Him | προσκαλεσαμενος | | | conuocatis | convocatis | having called to Him | ܐܢܘܢ | having called to Him | προσκαλεσάμενος | having called to Him | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | eis | eis | them | ܝܫܘܥ | them | αὐτούς | them | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܘܒܡܬܠܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | παραβολαῖς | parables | παραβολαις | | | parabolam | parabolis | parables | ܐܡܪ | parables | παραβολαῖς | parables | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | He was speaking | ελεγεν | | | dicebat | dicebat | He was speaking | — | — | ἔλεγεν | He was speaking | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them: | — | | | dms | illis | to them: | ܠܗܘܢ | to them: | αὐτοῖς | to them: | ||||||
| — | πῶς | How | πως | | | quomodo | Quomodo | How | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
| — | δύναται | is able | δυναται | | | potest | potest | is able | ܡܫܟܚ | is able | δύναται | is able | ||||||
| — | σατανᾶς | Satan | σατανας | | | satanas | Satanas | Satan | ܤܛܢܐ | Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satan | ||||||
| — | σατανᾶν | Satan | σαταναν | | | satanan | Satanam | Satan | ܠܤܛܢܐ | Satan | Σατανᾶν | Satan | ||||||
| — | ἐκβάλλειν; | to cast out? | — | | | ihs | ejicere | to cast out? | ܠܡܦܩܘ | to cast out? | ἐκβάλλειν | to cast out? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||