The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | εαν | | | si | si | if | ܡܠܟܘܬܐ | if | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | a kingdom | βασιλεια | | | regnum | regnum | a kingdom | ܓܝܪ | a kingdom | βασιλεία | a kingdom | ||||||
| — | ἐφ᾽ | against | εφ | | | in | in | against | ܥܠ | against | ἐφ’ | against | ||||||
| — | ἑαυτὴν | itself | εαυτην | | | se | se | itself | ܢܦܫܗ | itself | ἑαυτὴν | itself | ||||||
| — | μερισθῇ, | shall be divided, | μερισθη | | | diuidatur | dividatur | shall be divided, | ܬܬܦܠܓ | shall be divided, | μερισθῇ | shall be divided, | ||||||
| — | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐ | not | ||||||
| — | δύναται | is able | δυναται | | | potest | potest | is able | ܡܫܟܚܐ | is able | δύναται | is able | ||||||
| — | σταθῆναι | to stand | σταθηναι | | | regia | regnum | to stand | ܠܡܩܡ | to stand | σταθῆναι | to stand | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | kingdom | βασιλεια | | | illa | illud | kingdom | ܡܠܟܘܬܐ | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | ||||||
| — | ἐκείνη· | that; | εκεινη | | | stare | stare | that; | ܗܝ | that; | ἐκείνη | that; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||