The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܬܘܒ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | — | | | iterum | iterum | again | — | — | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | ἤρξατο | He began | ηρξατο | | | coepit | cœpit | He began | — | — | ἤρξατο | He began | ||||||
| — | διδάσκειν | to teach | διδασκειν | | | docere | docere | to teach | — | — | διδάσκειν | to teach | ||||||
| — | παρὰ | beside | — | | | ad | ad | beside | ܕܝܢ | beside | παρὰ | beside | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | θάλασσαν. | sea. | — | | | mare | mare | sea. | — | — | θάλασσαν | sea. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | et | et | And | — | — | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | συνάγεται | are gathered together | — | | | congregata | congregata | are gathered together | — | — | συνήχθη | are gathered together | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | est | est | to | ܫܪܝ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | — | | | ad | ad | Him | — | — | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | ὄχλος | a crowd | — | | | eum | eum | a crowd | — | — | ὄχλος | a crowd | ||||||
| — | πλεῖστος | greatest | — | | | turba | turba | greatest | — | — | πολύς | greatest | ||||||
| — | ὥστε | so that | — | | | multa | multa | so that | ܗܘܐ | so that | ὥστε | so that | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | He | — | | | ita | ita | He | — | — | αὐτὸν | He | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | — | | | ut | ut | into | — | — | ἐμβάντα | into | ||||||
| — | πλοῖον | a boat | — | | | naui | navim | a boat | ܡܠܦ | a boat | εἰς | a boat | ||||||
| — | ἐμβάντα | having climbed | — | | | ascendens | ascendens | having climbed | — | — | τὸ | having climbed | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | πλοῖον | <the> | ||||||
| — | καθῆσθαι | sitting | — | | | sedere | sederet | sitting | — | — | καθῆσθαι | sitting | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | — | | | in | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | θαλάσσῃ, | sea, | — | | | mare | mari | sea, | ܥܠ | sea, | θαλάσσῃ | sea, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | πᾶς | all | — | | | omnis | omnis | all | — | — | πᾶς | all | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | — | | | ipse | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | ὄχλος | crowd | — | | | turba | turba | crowd | — | — | ὄχλος | crowd | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | close to | — | | | circa | circa | close to | ܝܕ | close to | πρὸς | close to | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | θάλασσαν | sea | θαλασσαν | | | mare | mare | sea | — | — | θάλασσαν | sea | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | on | — | | | — | super | on | — | — | ἐπὶ | on | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | γῆς | land | — | | | circa | terram | land | — | — | γῆς | land | ||||||
| — | ἦσαν. | was. | — | | | erant | erat | was. | ܝܡܐ | was. | ἦν | was. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||