The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܝܗܘܕܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | Ἰούδαν | Judas | — | | | iudas | Judam | Judas | ܤܟܪܝܘܛܐ | Judas | Ἰούδαν | Judas | ||||||
| — | Ἰσκαριὼθ | Iscariot | — | | | scarioth | Iscariotem | Iscariot | ܗܘ | Iscariot | Ἰσκαριώτην | Iscariot | ||||||
| — | ὃς | who | ος | | | qui | qui | who | — | — | ὃς | who | ||||||
| — | καὶ | also | και | | | et | et | also | ܕܐܫܠܡܗ | also | καὶ | also | ||||||
| — | παρέδωκεν | betrayed | παρεδωκεν | | | tradidit | tradidit | betrayed | ܘܐܬܘ | betrayed | παρέδωκεν | betrayed | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν.¶ | Him. | αυτον | | | eum | illum | Him. | ܠܒܝܬܐ | Him. | αὐτόν | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||