Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	ὁ	<the>	ο	\|	esset	—	—	—	—	Ὁ	<the>
		—	δὲ	And	δε	\|	pilatus	Pilatus	?	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	And
		—	Πιλᾶτος	Pilate	πειλατος	\|	autem	autem	but/however	ܕܝܢ	Pilate	Πιλάτος	Pilate
		—	ἐθαύμασεν	wondered	—	\|	admirabatur	mirabatur	?	ܬܡܗ	wondered	ἐθαύμασεν	wondered
		—	εἰ	if	ει	\|	si	si	if	ܕܐܢ	if	εἰ	if
		—	ἤδη	already	ηδη	\|	iam	jam	?	ܡܢ	already	ἤδη	already
		—	τέθνηκεν,	He has died,	—	\|	obisset	obiisset	?	ܟܕܘ	He has died,	τέθνηκεν	He has died,
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	and	ܡܝܬ	And	καὶ	And
		—	προσκαλεσάμενος	having called to him	προσκαλεσαμενος	\|	—	accersito	?	ܘܩܪܐ	having called to him	προσκαλεσάμενος	having called to him
		—	τὸν	the	τον	\|	uocans	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
		—	κεντυρίωνα	centurion	κεντυριωνα	\|	centurionem	interrogavit	?	ܠܩܢܛܪܘܢܐ	centurion	κεντυρίωνα	centurion
		—	ἐπηρώτησεν	he questioned	επηρωτησεν	\|	interrogauit	eum	him	ܘܫܐܠܗ	he questioned	ἐπηρώτησεν	he questioned
		—	αὐτὸν	him	αυτον	\|	eum	si	if	ܕܐܢ	him	αὐτὸν	him
		—	εἰ	whether	ει	\|	si	jam	?	ܡܢ	whether	εἰ	whether
		—	πάλαι	of old	—	\|	iam	mortuus	?	ܩܕܡ	of old	πάλαι	of old
		—	ἀπέθανεν.	He had died.	—	\|	mortuus	esset	?	ܥܕܢܐ	He had died.	ἀπέθανεν	He had died.
	Next Fragment: Luke 1:54
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	ὁ	<the>	ο	\|	esset	—	—	—	—	Ὁ	<the>
	—	δὲ	And	δε	\|	pilatus	Pilatus	?	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	And
	—	Πιλᾶτος	Pilate	πειλατος	\|	autem	autem	but/however	ܕܝܢ	Pilate	Πιλάτος	Pilate
	—	ἐθαύμασεν	wondered	—	\|	admirabatur	mirabatur	?	ܬܡܗ	wondered	ἐθαύμασεν	wondered
	—	εἰ	if	ει	\|	si	si	if	ܕܐܢ	if	εἰ	if
	—	ἤδη	already	ηδη	\|	iam	jam	?	ܡܢ	already	ἤδη	already
	—	τέθνηκεν,	He has died,	—	\|	obisset	obiisset	?	ܟܕܘ	He has died,	τέθνηκεν	He has died,
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	and	ܡܝܬ	And	καὶ	And
	—	προσκαλεσάμενος	having called to him	προσκαλεσαμενος	\|	—	accersito	?	ܘܩܪܐ	having called to him	προσκαλεσάμενος	having called to him
	—	τὸν	the	τον	\|	uocans	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
	—	κεντυρίωνα	centurion	κεντυριωνα	\|	centurionem	interrogavit	?	ܠܩܢܛܪܘܢܐ	centurion	κεντυρίωνα	centurion
	—	ἐπηρώτησεν	he questioned	επηρωτησεν	\|	interrogauit	eum	him	ܘܫܐܠܗ	he questioned	ἐπηρώτησεν	he questioned
	—	αὐτὸν	him	αυτον	\|	eum	si	if	ܕܐܢ	him	αὐτὸν	him
	—	εἰ	whether	ει	\|	si	jam	?	ܡܢ	whether	εἰ	whether
	—	πάλαι	of old	—	\|	iam	mortuus	?	ܩܕܡ	of old	πάλαι	of old
	—	ἀπέθανεν.	He had died.	—	\|	mortuus	esset	?	ܥܕܢܐ	He had died.	ἀπέθανεν	He had died.
Next Fragment: Luke 1:54
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

ὁ

<the>

esset

—

Ὁ

<the>

—

δὲ

And

δε

pilatus

Pilatus

ܕܝܢ

but

δὲ

And

—

Πιλᾶτος

Pilate

πειλατος

autem

but/however

ܕܝܢ

Pilate

Πιλάτος

Pilate

—

ἐθαύμασεν

wondered

—

admirabatur

mirabatur

ܬܡܗ

wondered

ἐθαύμασεν

wondered

—

εἰ

ει

ܕܐܢ

εἰ

—

ἤδη

already

ηδη

iam

jam

ܡܢ

already

ἤδη

already

—

τέθνηκεν,

He has died,

—

obisset

obiisset

ܟܕܘ

He has died,

τέθνηκεν

He has died,

—

καὶ

And

και

and

ܡܝܬ

And

καὶ

And

—

προσκαλεσάμενος

having called to him

προσκαλεσαμενος

—

accersito

ܘܩܪܐ

having called to him

προσκαλεσάμενος

having called to him

—

τὸν

the

τον

uocans

—

τὸν

the

—

κεντυρίωνα

centurion

κεντυριωνα

centurionem

interrogavit

ܠܩܢܛܪܘܢܐ

centurion

κεντυρίωνα

centurion

—

ἐπηρώτησεν

he questioned

επηρωτησεν

interrogauit

eum

him

ܘܫܐܠܗ

he questioned

ἐπηρώτησεν

he questioned

—

αὐτὸν

him

αυτον

eum

ܕܐܢ

him

αὐτὸν

him

—

εἰ

whether

ει

jam

ܡܢ

whether

εἰ

whether

—

πάλαι

of old

—

iam

mortuus

ܩܕܡ

of old

πάλαι

of old

—

ἀπέθανεν.

He had died.

—

mortuus

esset

ܥܕܢܐ

He had died.

ἀπέθανεν

He had died.

Next Fragment: Luke 1:54

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 15:44

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 15:44

Translation Lineage