The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP22 | Also | καὶ | Also | και | | | et | et | Also | ܐܦ | Also | καὶ | Also | |||||
υμεισP22 | you yourselves | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | ϋμεις | | | uos | vos | you yourselves | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you yourselves | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | |||||
δεP22 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | testimonium | testimonium | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
μαρτυρειτεP22 | bear witness, | μαρτυρεῖτε, | bear witness, | μαρτυρειτε | | | datis | perhibebitis | bear witness, | ܤܗܕܝܢ | bear witness, | μαρτυρεῖτε | bear witness, | |||||
οτιP22 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | because | ὅτι | because | |||||
απP22 | from | ἀπ᾽ | from | απ | | | quia | quia | from | ܕܡܢ | from | ἀπ’ | from | |||||
αρχησP22 | the beginning | ἀρχῆς | the beginning | αρχης | | | ab | ab | the beginning | ܫܘܪܝܐ | the beginning | ἀρχῆς | the beginning | |||||
μετP22 | with | μετ᾽ | with | μετ | | | initio | initio | with | — | — | μετ’ | with | |||||
εμουP22 | Me | ἐμοῦ | Me | εμου | | | mecum | mecum | Me | ܥܡܝ | Me | ἐμοῦ | Me | |||||
εστεP22 | you are. | ἐστε.¶ | you are. | εστε | | | estis | estis | you are. | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you are. | ἐστε | you are. | |||||
| Next Fragment: John 16:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||