The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οτανP22 · P66 | When | Ὅταν | When | οταν | | | cum | Cum | when/with | ܡܐ | When | Ὅταν | When | |||||
ελθηP22 · P66 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | but/however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
οP22 · P66 | may come | ἔλθῃ | may come | ελθη | | | uenerit | venerit | ? | ܕܐܬܐ | may come | ἔλθῃ | may come | |||||
παρακλητοσP22 · P66 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | meo | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
ονP22 · P66 | Helper | παράκλητος | Helper | παρακλητος | | | paracletus | Paraclitus | ? | ܦܪܩܠܛܐ | Helper | παράκλητος | Helper | |||||
εγωP22 · P66 | whom | ὃν | whom | ον | | | quem | quem | whom | ܗܘ | whom | ὃν | whom | |||||
πεμψωP22 · P66 | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | εγω | | | ego | ego | I | ܕܐܢܐ | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | |||||
υμινP22 · P66 | will send | πέμψω | will send | — | | | mitto | mittam | ? | ܡܫܕܪ | will send | πέμψω | will send | |||||
παραP22 · P66 | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | ? | ܐܢܐ | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | |||||
τουP22 · P66 | from | παρὰ | from | παρα | | | a | a | from | ܠܟܘܢ | from | παρὰ | from | |||||
πρσP22 · P66 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | meo | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
τοP22 · P66 | Father, | πατρός, | Father, | — | | | patre | Patre | by the father | ܡܢ | Father, | πατρός | Father, | |||||
πναP22 · P66 | the | τὸ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
τησP22 · P66 | Spirit | πνεῦμα | Spirit | — | | | spm | veritatis | ? | ܠܘܬ | Spirit | πνεῦμα | Spirit | |||||
αληθειασP22 · P66 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | — | | | dauit | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | |||||
οP22 · P66 | of truth | ἀληθείας | of truth | — | | | ueritatis | qui | who/which | ܐܒܝ | of truth | ἀληθείας | of truth | |||||
παραP22 · P66 | who | ὃ | who | ο | | | qui | — | — | — | — | ὃ | who | |||||
τουP22 · P66 | from | παρὰ | from | παρα | | | a | Patre | by the father | ܕܫܪܪܐ | from | παρὰ | from | |||||
πρσP22 · P66 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
εκπορευεταιP22 · P66 | Father | πατρὸς | Father | πατρος | | | patre | procedit | ? | ܗܘ | Father | πατρὸς | Father | |||||
εκεινοσP22 · P66 | goes forth, | ἐκπορεύεται, | goes forth, | — | | | prodit | ille | he/that | ܕܡܢ | goes forth, | ἐκπορεύεται | goes forth, | |||||
μαρτυρησειP22 · P66 | He | ἐκεῖνος | He | εκεινος | | | ille | testimonium | ? | ܠܘܬ | He | ἐκεῖνος | He | |||||
περιP22 · P66 | will bear witness | μαρτυρήσει | will bear witness | μαρτυρησει | | | testimonium | perhibebit | ? | ܐܒܝ | will bear witness | μαρτυρήσει | will bear witness | |||||
εμουP22 · P66 | concerning | περὶ | concerning | περι | | | me | de | from/of | ܢܦܩ | concerning | περὶ | concerning | |||||
ἐμοῦ·P22 · P66 | Me; | ἐμοῦ· | Me; | εμου | | | de | me | me | ܗܘ | Me; | ἐμοῦ | Me; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||