The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | autem | Et | And | ܘܟܬܝܒܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἦν | there was | ην | | | erat | erat | there was | ܗܘܬ | there was | ἦν | there was | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | ἐπιγραφὴ | inscription | επιγραφη | | | criminis | titulus | inscription | ܥܠܬܐ | inscription | ἐπιγραφὴ | inscription | ||||||
| — | τῆς | of the | της | | | hic | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | ||||||
| — | αἰτίας | accusation | αιτιας | | | causa | causæ | accusation | ܕܡܘܬܗ | accusation | αἰτίας | accusation | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | against Him | αυτου | | | eius | ejus | against Him | ܒܟܬܒܐ | against Him | αὐτοῦ | against Him | ||||||
| — | ἐπιγεγραμμένη· | written: | επιγεγραμμενη | | | inscription | inscriptus | written: | ܗܢܐ | written: | ἐπιγεγραμμένη | written: | ||||||
| — | ὁ | The | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The | ||||||
| — | βασιλεὺς | King | — | | | rex | Rex | King | ܗܘ | King | βασιλεὺς | King | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | est | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | Ἰουδαίων. | Jews. | ϊουδαιων | | | iudaeorum | Judæorum | Jews. | ܡܠܟܐ | Jews. | Ἰουδαίων | Jews. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||