The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܙܩܦܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | σὺν | with | συν | | | cum | cum | with | ܥܡܗ | with | σὺν | with | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | Him | αυτω | | | eo | eo | Him | — | — | αὐτῷ | Him | ||||||
| — | σταυροῦσιν | they crucify | — | | | crucifixerunt | crucifigunt | they crucify | ܬܪܝܢ | they crucify | σταυροῦσιν | they crucify | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | — | | | duo | duos | two | ܠܤܛܝܐ | two | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | λῃστάς, | robbers, | — | | | latrones | latrones | robbers, | — | — | λῃστάς | robbers, | ||||||
| — | ἕνα | one | ενα | | | unum | unum | one | ܚܕ | one | ἕνα | one | ||||||
| — | ἐκ | at | εκ | | | ad | a | at | ܡܢ | at | ἐκ | at | ||||||
| — | δεξιῶν | the right hand | δεξιων | | | dextram | dextris | the right hand | — | — | δεξιῶν | the right hand | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܝܡܝܢܗ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἕνα | one | ενα | | | unum | alium | one | ܘܚܕ | one | ἕνα | one | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | at the | εξ | | | ad | a | at the | — | — | ἐξ | at the | ||||||
| — | εὐωνύμων | left | ευωνυμων | | | sinistram | sinistris | left | ܡܢ | left | εὐωνύμων | left | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | of Him. | — | | | — | ejus | of Him. | ܤܡܠܗ | of Him. | αὐτοῦ | of Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||