The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܡܚܝܢ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἔτυπτον | they were striking | ετυπτον | | | percutiebant | percutiebant | they were striking | ܗܘܘ | they were striking | ἔτυπτον | they were striking | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | His | — | | | caput | caput | His | ܠܗ | His | αὐτοῦ | His | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | — | | | harundine | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | κεφαλὴν | head | — | | | — | ejus | head | ܪܫܗ | head | κεφαλὴν | head | ||||||
| — | καλάμῳ | with a reed | καλαμω | | | — | arundine | with a reed | ܒܩܢܝܐ | with a reed | καλάμῳ | with a reed | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܪܩܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐνέπτυον | were spitting | ενεπτυον | | | conspuebant | conspuebant | were spitting | ܗܘܘ | were spitting | ἐνέπτυον | were spitting | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ, | on Him, | αυτω | | | eum | eum | on Him, | ܒܐܦܘܗܝ | on Him, | αὐτῷ | on Him, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | — | et | and | ܘܒܪܟܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τιθέντες | bending | — | | | — | ponentes | bending | ܗܘܘ | bending | τιθέντες | bending | ||||||
| — | τὰ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | ||||||
| — | γόνατα | knees | — | | | — | genua | knees | ܒܘܪܟܝܗܘܢ | knees | γόνατα | knees | ||||||
| — | προσεκύνουν | they were kneeling down | — | | | in | adorabant | they were kneeling down | ܘܤܓܕܝܢ | they were kneeling down | προσεκύνουν | they were kneeling down | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ. | to Him. | — | | | eum | eum | to Him. | ܠܗ | to Him. | αὐτῷ | to Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||