Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܕܒܪ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	παραλαμβάνει	He takes	παραλαμβανει	\|	adsumpsit	assumit	He takes	—	—	παραλαμβάνει	He takes
		—	τὸν	<the>	τον	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	<the>
		—	Πέτρον	Peter	πετρον	\|	petrum	Petrum	Peter	ܥܡܗ	Peter	Πέτρον	Peter
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	τὸν	<the>	—	\|	iohannen	—	—	—	—	Ἰάκωβον	<the>
		—	Ἰάκωβον	James	ϊακωβον	\|	iacobum	Jacobum	James	ܠܟܐܦܐ	James	καὶ	James
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	Ἰωάννην	and
		—	τὸν	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	μεθ’	<the>
		—	Ἰωάννην	John	ϊωαννην	\|	—	—	—	ܘܠܝܥܩܘܒ	John	ἑαυτοῦ	John
		—	μετ᾽	with	μετ	\|	coepit	Joannem	with	ܘܠܝܘܚܢܢ	with	καὶ	with
		—	αὐτοῦ	Him	αυτου	\|	secum	secum	Him	—	—	ἤρξατο	Him
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܫܪܝ	and	ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι	and
		—	ἤρξατο	He began	ηρξατο	\|	—	cœpit	He began	—	—	καὶ	He began
		—	ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι	to be greatly awe-struck	εκθαμβεισθαι	\|	pauere	pavere	to be greatly awe-struck	ܠܡܬܟܡܪܘ	to be greatly awe-struck	ἀδημονεῖν	to be greatly awe-struck
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	ἀδημονεῖν.	to be deeply distressed.	—	\|	taediari	tædere	to be deeply distressed.	ܘܠܡܬܬܥܩܘ	to be deeply distressed.	ἀδημονεῖν.	to be deeply distressed.
	Next Fragment: Luke 1:54
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܕܒܪ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	παραλαμβάνει	He takes	παραλαμβανει	\|	adsumpsit	assumit	He takes	—	—	παραλαμβάνει	He takes
	—	τὸν	<the>	τον	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	<the>
	—	Πέτρον	Peter	πετρον	\|	petrum	Petrum	Peter	ܥܡܗ	Peter	Πέτρον	Peter
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	τὸν	<the>	—	\|	iohannen	—	—	—	—	Ἰάκωβον	<the>
	—	Ἰάκωβον	James	ϊακωβον	\|	iacobum	Jacobum	James	ܠܟܐܦܐ	James	καὶ	James
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	Ἰωάννην	and
	—	τὸν	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	μεθ’	<the>
	—	Ἰωάννην	John	ϊωαννην	\|	—	—	—	ܘܠܝܥܩܘܒ	John	ἑαυτοῦ	John
	—	μετ᾽	with	μετ	\|	coepit	Joannem	with	ܘܠܝܘܚܢܢ	with	καὶ	with
	—	αὐτοῦ	Him	αυτου	\|	secum	secum	Him	—	—	ἤρξατο	Him
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܫܪܝ	and	ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι	and
	—	ἤρξατο	He began	ηρξατο	\|	—	cœpit	He began	—	—	καὶ	He began
	—	ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι	to be greatly awe-struck	εκθαμβεισθαι	\|	pauere	pavere	to be greatly awe-struck	ܠܡܬܟܡܪܘ	to be greatly awe-struck	ἀδημονεῖν	to be greatly awe-struck
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	ἀδημονεῖν.	to be deeply distressed.	—	\|	taediari	tædere	to be deeply distressed.	ܘܠܡܬܬܥܩܘ	to be deeply distressed.	ἀδημονεῖν.	to be deeply distressed.
Next Fragment: Luke 1:54
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܕܒܪ

And

Καὶ

And

—

παραλαμβάνει

He takes

παραλαμβανει

adsumpsit

assumit

He takes

—

παραλαμβάνει

He takes

—

τὸν

<the>

τον

—

τὸν

<the>

—

Πέτρον

Peter

πετρον

petrum

Petrum

Peter

ܥܡܗ

Peter

Πέτρον

Peter

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

—

τὸν

<the>

—

iohannen

—

Ἰάκωβον

<the>

—

Ἰάκωβον

James

ϊακωβον

iacobum

Jacobum

James

ܠܟܐܦܐ

James

καὶ

James

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

Ἰωάννην

and

—

τὸν

<the>

—

μεθ’

<the>

—

Ἰωάννην

John

ϊωαννην

—

ܘܠܝܥܩܘܒ

John

ἑαυτοῦ

John

—

μετ᾽

with

μετ

coepit

Joannem

with

ܘܠܝܘܚܢܢ

with

καὶ

with

—

αὐτοῦ

Him

αυτου

secum

Him

—

ἤρξατο

Him

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܫܪܝ

and

ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι

and

—

ἤρξατο

He began

ηρξατο

—

cœpit

He began

—

καὶ

He began

—

ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι

to be greatly awe-struck

εκθαμβεισθαι

pauere

pavere

to be greatly awe-struck

ܠܡܬܟܡܪܘ

to be greatly awe-struck

ἀδημονεῖν

to be greatly awe-struck

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

—

ἀδημονεῖν.

to be deeply distressed.

—

taediari

tædere

to be deeply distressed.

ܘܠܡܬܬܥܩܘ

to be deeply distressed.

ἀδημονεῖν.

to be deeply distressed.

Next Fragment: Luke 1:54

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 14:33

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 14:33

Translation Lineage