The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | ad | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | δε | | | coeperunt | At | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | ἤρξαντο | They began | ηρξαντο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἤρξαντο | They began | ||||||
| — | λυπεῖσθαι | to be grieved | λυπισθαι | | | illi | illi | to be grieved | ܕܝܢ | to be grieved | λυπεῖσθαι | to be grieved | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | illi | cœperunt | and | ܫܪܝܘ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | λέγειν | to say | λεγειν | | | et | — | — | — | — | λέγειν | to say | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | contristari | contristari | to Him | ܡܬܬܥܝܩܝܢ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | ||||||
| — | εἷς | one | εις | | | et | et | one | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | one | εἷς | one | ||||||
| — | κατὰ | by | — | | | alius | — | — | — | — | καθ’ | by | ||||||
| — | εἷς· | one; | εις | | | dicere | dicere | one; | ܠܗ | one; | εἷς | one; | ||||||
| — | μήτι | surely not ever | μητι | | | — | ei | surely not ever | ܚܕ | surely not ever | Μήτι | surely not ever | ||||||
| — | ἐγώ | I myself | εγω | | | nunquid | — | — | — | — | ἐγώ | I myself | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | singuli | singulatim | and | ܚܕ | and | Καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἄλλος, | other | αλλος | | | numquid | Numquid | other | ܠܡܐ | other | ἄλλος | other | ||||||
| — | μήτι | surely not ever | μητι | | | ego | — | — | — | — | Μήτι | surely not ever | ||||||
| — | ἐγώ; | I myself? | εγω | | | ego | ego | I myself? | ܐܢܐ | I myself? | ἐγώ | I myself? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||