The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | γρηγορεῖτε | do watch | γρηγορειτε | | | uigilate | vigilate | do watch | ܐܬܬܥܝܪܘ | do watch | Γρηγορεῖτε | do watch | ||||||
| — | οὖν· | therefore; | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore; | ܗܟܝܠ | therefore; | οὖν | therefore; | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | nescitis | nescitis | not | ܕܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | οἴδατε | you know | οιδατε | | | enim | enim | you know | ܝܕܥܝܢ | you know | οἴδατε | you know | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | quando | quando | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | πότε | when | ποτε | | | dms | dominus | when | ܐܡܬܝ | when | πότε | when | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | κύριος | master | — | | | domus | domus | master | ܐܬܐ | master | κύριος | master | ||||||
| — | τῆς | of the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | ||||||
| — | οἰκίας | house | οικειας | | | ueniat | veniat | house | ܡܪܗ | house | οἰκίας | house | ||||||
| — | ἔρχεται | comes | ερχεται | | | sero | sero | comes | ܕܒܝܬܐ | comes | ἔρχεται | comes | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | — | | | an | — | — | — | — | ὀψέ | or | ||||||
| — | ὀψὲ | at evening | οψε | | | media | media | at evening | ܐܘ | at evening | ἢ | at evening | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | nocte | — | — | — | — | μεσονυκτίου | or | ||||||
| — | μεσονύκτιον | at midnight | — | | | an | an | at midnight | ܕܠܠܝܐ | at midnight | ἢ | at midnight | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | galli | — | — | — | — | ἀλεκτοροφωνίας | or | ||||||
| — | ἀλεκτοροφωνίας | when the rooster crows | — | | | cantum | cantu | when the rooster crows | ܒܡܩܪܐ | when the rooster crows | ἢ | when the rooster crows | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | aut | — | — | — | — | πρωΐ | or | ||||||
| — | πρωΐ· | morning; | πρωι | | | mane | mane | morning; | ܐܘ | morning; | πρωΐ· | morning; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||