The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | cum | Cum | And | ܘܐܬܬ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐλθοῦσα | having come | ελθουσα | | | uenisset | venisset | having come | ܐܪܡܠܬܐ | having come | ἐλθοῦσα | having come | ||||||
| — | μία | one | — | | | autem | autem | one | — | — | μία | one | ||||||
| — | χήρα | widow | χηρα | | | uidua | vidua | widow | ܚܕܐ | widow | χήρα | widow | ||||||
| — | πτωχὴ | poor | — | | | una | una | poor | ܡܤܟܢܬܐ | poor | πτωχὴ | poor | ||||||
| — | ἔβαλεν | she cast in | εβαλεν | | | et | pauper | she cast in | ܐܪܡܝܬ | she cast in | ἔβαλεν | she cast in | ||||||
| — | λεπτὰ | lepta | λεπτα | | | misit | misit | lepta | ܬܪܝܢ | lepta | λεπτὰ | lepta | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | δυο | | | duo | duo | two | — | — | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | ὅ | which | ο | | | aera | — | — | — | — | ὅ | which | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | quod | quod | is | ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | κοδράντης. | a kodrantes. | κοδραντης | | | est | est | a kodrantes. | ܫܡܘܢܐ | a kodrantes. | κοδράντης | a kodrantes. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||