The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οὐδὲ | Not even | ουδε | | | nec | Nec | Not even | ܘܐܦܠܐ | Not even | Οὐδὲ | Not even | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | την | | | anguli | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | γραφὴν | Scripture | γραφην | | | scripturam | scripturam | Scripture | ܟܬܒܐ | Scripture | γραφὴν | Scripture | ||||||
| — | ταύτην | this | ταυτην | | | hanc | hanc | this | ܗܢܐ | this | ταύτην | this | ||||||
| — | ἀνέγνωτε· | have you read: | ανεγνωτε | | | legistis | legistis | have you read: | — | — | ἀνέγνωτε | have you read: | ||||||
| — | λίθον | The stone | λιθον | | | lapidem | Lapidem | The stone | ܩܪܝܬܘܢ | The stone | Λίθον | The stone | ||||||
| — | ὃν | which | ον | | | quem | quem | which | ܕܟܐܦܐ | which | ὃν | which | ||||||
| — | ἀπεδοκίμασαν | rejected | απεδοκιμασαν | | | reprobauerunt | reprobaverunt | rejected | ܕܐܤܠܝܘ | rejected | ἀπεδοκίμασαν | rejected | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | οι | | | aedificantes | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | οἰκοδομοῦντες, | building, | οικοδομουντες | | | — | ædificantes | building, | ܒܢܝܐ | building, | οἰκοδομοῦντες | building, | ||||||
| — | οὗτος | this | ουτος | | | hic | hic | this | ܗܝ | this | οὗτος | this | ||||||
| — | ἐγενήθη | has become | εγενηθη | | | factus | factus | has become | — | — | ἐγενήθη | has become | ||||||
| — | εἰς | the | εις | | | est | est | the | ܗܘܬ | the | εἰς | the | ||||||
| — | κεφαλὴν | chief | κεφαλην | | | in | in | chief | ܠܪܫܐ | chief | κεφαλὴν | chief | ||||||
| — | γωνίας· | of the corner; | γωνειας | | | caput | caput | of the corner; | ܕܙܘܝܬܐ | of the corner; | γωνίας | of the corner; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 12:13 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||