The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܓܒܪܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἰδοὺ | behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | ||||||
| — | ἄνθρωπος | a man | ανθρωπος | | | homo | homo | a man | ܐܝܬ | a man | ἄνθρωπος | a man | ||||||
| — | ἦν | was | ην | | | manum | manum | was | ܗܘܐ | was | ἦν | was | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | την | | | erat | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | χεῖρα | a hand | χειρα | | | habens | habens | a hand | ܬܡܢ | a hand | χεῖρα | a hand | ||||||
| — | ἔχων | having | εχων | | | aridam | aridam | having | ܕܝܒܝܫܐ | having | ἔχων | having | ||||||
| — | ξηράν· | withered; | ξηραν | | | et | et | withered; | ܐܝܕܗ | withered; | ξηράν | withered; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | interrogauerunt | interrogabant | And | ܘܡܫܐܠܝܢ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐπηρώτησαν | they asked | επηρωτησαν | | | — | — | — | ܗܘܘ | they asked | ἐπηρώτησαν | they asked | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܠܗ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | ||||||
| — | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying; | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | ||||||
| — | εἰ | Is | ει | | | si | Si | Is | ܕܐܢ | Is | Εἰ | Is | ||||||
| — | ἔξεστιν | it is lawful | εξεστιν | | | licet | licet | it is lawful | ܫܠܝܛ | it is lawful | ἔξεστιν | it is lawful | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | on the | τοις | | | ibi | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | on the | ||||||
| — | σάββασιν | Sabbaths | σαββασιν | | | sabbatis | sabbatis | Sabbaths | ܒܫܒܬܐ | Sabbaths | σάββασιν | Sabbaths | ||||||
| — | θεραπεῦσαι; | to heal? | — | | | curare | curare | to heal? | ܠܡܐܤܝܘ | to heal? | θεραπεύειν | to heal? | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | so that | ϊνα | | | ut | ut | so that | ܐܝܟ | so that | ἵνα | so that | ||||||
| — | κατηγορήσωσιν | they may accuse | — | | | accusarent | accusarent | they may accuse | ܕܢܐܟܠܘܢ | they may accuse | κατηγορήσωσιν | they may accuse | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ.¶ | Him. | αυτου | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܩܪܨܘܗܝ | Him. | αὐτοῦ | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 12:24 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||