The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ακουσαντεσP21 | <the> | Οἱ | <the> | οι | | | dicebant | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | |||||
ειπονP21 | And | δὲ | And | δε | | | pharisaei | Pharisæi | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
ουτοσP21 | the Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | the Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | autem | autem | the Pharisees | ܕܝܢ | the Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | the Pharisees | |||||
ουκP21 | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | ακουσαντες | | | audientes | audientes | having heard | ܟܕ | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | |||||
εκβαλλειP21 | said; | εἶπον· | said; | ειπον | | | — | dixerunt | said; | ܫܡܥܘ | said; | εἶπον | said; | |||||
ταP21 | This man | οὗτος | This man | ουτος | | | hic | Hic | This man | ܐܡܪܝܢ | This man | Οὗτος | This man | |||||
δαιμονιαP21 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܗܢܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
ειP21 | casts out | ἐκβάλλει | casts out | εκβαλλει | | | eiecit | — | — | — | — | ἐκβάλλει | casts out | |||||
μηP21 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
ενP21 | demons | δαιμόνια | demons | δαιμονια | | | — | ejicit | demons | ܠܐ | demons | δαιμόνια | demons | |||||
τωP21 | only | εἰ | only | ει | | | daemonia | dæmones | only | ܡܦܩ | only | εἰ | only | |||||
βεελζεβουλP21 | except | μὴ | except | μη | | | nisi | nisi | except | ܫܐܕܐ | except | μὴ | except | |||||
αρχοντιP21 | by | ἐν | by | εν | | | in | in | by | ܐܠܐ | by | ἐν | by | |||||
τωνP21 | <the> | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | |||||
δαιμονιωνP21 | Beelzebul | Βεελζεβοὺλ | Beelzebul | βεελζεβουλ | | | belzebul | Beelzebub | Beelzebul | ܒܒܥܠܙܒܘܒ | Beelzebul | Βεελζεβοὺλ | Beelzebul | |||||
ἄρχοντιP21 | prince | ἄρχοντι | prince | αρχοντι | | | principem | principe | prince | ܪܫܐ | prince | ἄρχοντι | prince | |||||
τῶνP21 | of the | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | |||||
δαιμονίων.¶P21 | demons. | δαιμονίων.¶ | demons. | δαιμονιων | | | daemoniorum | dæmoniorum | demons. | ܕܕܝܘܐ | demons. | δαιμονίων | demons. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||