The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | παρὰ | from the | παρα | | | a | a | from the | ܡܢ | from the | παρὰ | from the | ||||||
| — | κυρίου | Lord | κυ | | | dmo | Domino | Lord | ܠܘܬ | Lord | κυρίου | Lord | ||||||
| — | ἐγένετο | was | εγενετο | | | factus | factum | was | — | — | ἐγένετο | was | ||||||
| — | αὕτη, | this, | αυτη | | | est | est | this, | ܡܪܝܐ | this, | αὕτη | this, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | iste | istud | and | ܗܘܬ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἔστιν | it is | εστιν | | | et | et | it is | ܗܕܐ | it is | ἔστιν | it is | ||||||
| — | θαυμαστὴ | marvelous | θαυμαστη | | | est | est | marvelous | ܘܐܝܬܝܗ | marvelous | θαυμαστὴ | marvelous | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | admirabiles | mirabile | in | — | — | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ὀφθαλμοῖς | the eyes | οφθαλμοις | | | in | in | the eyes | ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ | the eyes | ὀφθαλμοῖς | the eyes | ||||||
| — | ἡμῶν; | of us.’? | ημων | | | oculis | oculis | of us.’? | ܒܥܝܢܝܢ | of us.’? | ἡμῶν | of us.’? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 12:13 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||