The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οτανP45 · P75 | When | Ὅταν | When | οταν | | | cum | Cum | When | ܡܐ | When | Ὅταν | When | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
εισφερωσινP45 · P75 | they may bring in | εἰσφέρωσιν | they may bring in | — | | | in | inducent | they may bring in | ܠܟܘܢ | they may bring in | προσφέρωσιν | they may bring in | |||||
υμασP45 · P75 | you | ὑμᾶς | you | ϋμας | | | uos | vos | you | — | — | ὑμᾶς | you | |||||
επιP45 · P75 | before | ἐπὶ | before | — | | | principatus | in | before | ܕܝܢ | before | ἐπὶ | before | |||||
τασP45 · P75 | the | τὰς | the | τας | | | quid | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | |||||
αρχασP45 · P75 | synagogues | συναγωγὰς | synagogues | συναγωγας | | | synagogas | synagogas | synagogues | ܠܟܢܘܫܬܐ | synagogues | συναγωγὰς | synagogues | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܩܕܡ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τασP45 · P75 | the | τὰς | the | τας | | | dicetis | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | |||||
συναγωγασP45 · P75 | rulers | ἀρχὰς | rulers | αρχας | | | adducent | ad | rulers | ܪܫܐ | rulers | ἀρχὰς | rulers | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | magistratus | and | ܘܫܠܝܛܢܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τασP45 · P75 | the | τὰς | the | τας | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | |||||
εξουσιασP45 · P75 | authorities, | ἐξουσίας, | authorities, | εξουσιας | | | ad | et | authorities, | — | — | ἐξουσίας | authorities, | |||||
μηP45 · P75 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | potestates | potestates | not | ܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | |||||
μεριμνατεP45 · P75 | may be anxious | μεριμνήσητε | may be anxious | — | | | nolite | nolite | may be anxious | ܬܐܨܦܘܢ | may be anxious | μεριμνᾶτε | may be anxious | |||||
πωσP45 · P75 | how | πῶς | how | πως | | | solliciti | solliciti | how | ܐܝܟܢܐ | how | πῶς | how | |||||
ηP45 · P75 | or | ἢ | or | — | | | esse | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | |||||
τιP45 · P75 | what | τί | what | — | | | — | qualiter | what | ܪܘܚܐ | what | τί | what | |||||
απολογησησθεP45 · P75 | you may present a defense | ἀπολογήσησθε | you may present a defense | απολογησησθε | | | aut | aut | you may present a defense | — | — | ἀπολογήσησθε | you may present a defense | |||||
ηP45 · P75 | or | ἢ | or | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | |||||
τιP45 · P75 | what | τί | what | τι | | | respondeatis | respondeatis | what | ܡܢܐ | what | τί | what | |||||
ειπητεP45 · P75 | you may say; | εἴπητε· | you may say; | ειπητε | | | quomodo | aut | you may say; | ܬܐܡܪܘܢ | you may say; | εἴπητε | you may say; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||