Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܢܗܘܝܢ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	ἔσονται	there will be	εσονται	\|	erunt	erunt	there will be	ܐܬܘܬܐ	there will be	ἔσται	there will be
		—	σημεῖα	signs	σημεια	\|	signa	signa	signs	—	—	σημεῖα	signs
		—	ἐν	in	εν	\|	in	in	in	ܒܫܡܫܐ	in	ἐν	in
		—	ἡλίῳ	sun	ηλιω	\|	sole	sole	sun	ܘܒܤܗܪܐ	sun	ἡλίῳ	sun
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	σελήνῃ	moon	σεληνη	\|	luna	luna	moon	ܘܒܟܘܟܒܐ	moon	σελήνῃ	moon
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܒܐܪܥܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἄστροις,	stars,	αστροις	\|	sideribus	stellis	stars,	—	—	ἄστροις	stars,
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܐܘܠܨܢܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἐπὶ	upon	επι	\|	in	in	upon	ܕܥܡܡܐ	upon	ἐπὶ	upon
		—	τῆς	the	της	\|	super	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
		—	γῆς	earth	γης	\|	terram	terris	earth	—	—	γῆς	earth
		—	συνοχὴ	distress	συνοχη	\|	aporia	pressura	distress	ܘܦܘܫܟ	distress	συνοχὴ	distress
		—	ἐθνῶν	of nations	εθνων	\|	gentium	gentium	of nations	ܐܝܕܝܐ	of nations	ἐθνῶν	of nations
		—	ἐν	with	—	\|	et	præ	with	—	—	ἐν	with
		—	ἀπορίᾳ	perplexity	—	\|	conflictio	confusione	perplexity	ܡܢ	perplexity	ἀπορίᾳ	perplexity
		—	ἤχους	the sound	—	\|	sonante	sonitus	the sound	ܬܘܗܬܐ	the sound	ἠχούσης	the sound
		—	θαλάσσης	of the sea	—	\|	mare	maris	of the sea	—	—	θαλάσσης	of the sea
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܕܩܠܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	σάλου	rolling surge	σαλου	\|	salo	fluctuum	rolling surge	ܕܝܡܐ	rolling surge	σάλου	rolling surge
	Next Fragment: Luke 22:4
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܢܗܘܝܢ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	ἔσονται	there will be	εσονται	\|	erunt	erunt	there will be	ܐܬܘܬܐ	there will be	ἔσται	there will be
	—	σημεῖα	signs	σημεια	\|	signa	signa	signs	—	—	σημεῖα	signs
	—	ἐν	in	εν	\|	in	in	in	ܒܫܡܫܐ	in	ἐν	in
	—	ἡλίῳ	sun	ηλιω	\|	sole	sole	sun	ܘܒܤܗܪܐ	sun	ἡλίῳ	sun
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	σελήνῃ	moon	σεληνη	\|	luna	luna	moon	ܘܒܟܘܟܒܐ	moon	σελήνῃ	moon
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܒܐܪܥܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἄστροις,	stars,	αστροις	\|	sideribus	stellis	stars,	—	—	ἄστροις	stars,
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܐܘܠܨܢܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἐπὶ	upon	επι	\|	in	in	upon	ܕܥܡܡܐ	upon	ἐπὶ	upon
	—	τῆς	the	της	\|	super	—	—	—	—	τῆς	the
	—	γῆς	earth	γης	\|	terram	terris	earth	—	—	γῆς	earth
	—	συνοχὴ	distress	συνοχη	\|	aporia	pressura	distress	ܘܦܘܫܟ	distress	συνοχὴ	distress
	—	ἐθνῶν	of nations	εθνων	\|	gentium	gentium	of nations	ܐܝܕܝܐ	of nations	ἐθνῶν	of nations
	—	ἐν	with	—	\|	et	præ	with	—	—	ἐν	with
	—	ἀπορίᾳ	perplexity	—	\|	conflictio	confusione	perplexity	ܡܢ	perplexity	ἀπορίᾳ	perplexity
	—	ἤχους	the sound	—	\|	sonante	sonitus	the sound	ܬܘܗܬܐ	the sound	ἠχούσης	the sound
	—	θαλάσσης	of the sea	—	\|	mare	maris	of the sea	—	—	θαλάσσης	of the sea
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܕܩܠܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	σάλου	rolling surge	σαλου	\|	salo	fluctuum	rolling surge	ܕܝܡܐ	rolling surge	σάλου	rolling surge
Next Fragment: Luke 22:4
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܢܗܘܝܢ

And

Καὶ

And

—

ἔσονται

there will be

εσονται

erunt

there will be

ܐܬܘܬܐ

there will be

ἔσται

there will be

—

σημεῖα

signs

σημεια

signa

signs

—

σημεῖα

signs

—

ἐν

εν

ܒܫܡܫܐ

ἐν

—

ἡλίῳ

sun

ηλιω

sole

sun

ܘܒܤܗܪܐ

sun

ἡλίῳ

sun

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

—

σελήνῃ

moon

σεληνη

luna

moon

ܘܒܟܘܟܒܐ

moon

σελήνῃ

moon

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܒܐܪܥܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἄστροις,

stars,

αστροις

sideribus

stellis

stars,

—

ἄστροις

stars,

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܐܘܠܨܢܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἐπὶ

upon

επι

upon

ܕܥܡܡܐ

upon

ἐπὶ

upon

—

τῆς

the

της

super

—

τῆς

the

—

γῆς

earth

γης

terram

terris

earth

—

γῆς

earth

—

συνοχὴ

distress

συνοχη

aporia

pressura

distress

ܘܦܘܫܟ

distress

συνοχὴ

distress

—

ἐθνῶν

of nations

εθνων

gentium

of nations

ܐܝܕܝܐ

of nations

ἐθνῶν

of nations

—

ἐν

with

—

præ

with

—

ἐν

with

—

ἀπορίᾳ

perplexity

—

conflictio

confusione

perplexity

ܡܢ

perplexity

ἀπορίᾳ

perplexity

—

ἤχους

the sound

—

sonante

sonitus

the sound

ܬܘܗܬܐ

the sound

ἠχούσης

the sound

—

θαλάσσης

of the sea

—

mare

maris

of the sea

—

θαλάσσης

of the sea

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܕܩܠܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

σάλου

rolling surge

σαλου

salo

fluctuum

rolling surge

ܕܝܡܐ

rolling surge

σάλου

rolling surge

Next Fragment: Luke 22:4

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 21:25

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 21:25

Translation Lineage