The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | τὸ | The | το | | | iohannis | — | — | — | — | Τὸ | The | ||||||
| — | βάπτισμα | baptism | βαπτισμα | | | baptisma | Baptismus | baptism | ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܗ | baptism | βάπτισμα | baptism | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | — | | | de | — | — | — | — | Ἰωάννου | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰωάννου | of John | ϊωαννου | | | — | — | — | ܕܝܘܚܢܢ | of John | πόθεν | of John | ||||||
| — | πόθεν | from where | ποθεν | | | caelo | Joannis | from where | ܐܝܡܟܐ | from where | ἦν | from where | ||||||
| — | ἦν; | was it? | ην | | | aut | — | — | ܐܝܬܝܗ | was it? | Ἐξ | was it? | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | From | εξ | | | unde | unde | From | ܡܢ | From | οὐρανοῦ | From | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | ουρανου | | | qui | erat | heaven | ܫܡܝܐ | heaven | ἢ | heaven | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | autem | — | — | — | — | ἐξ | or | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | from | εξ | | | est | e | from | ܐܘ | from | ἀνθρώπων | from | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπων;¶ | men? | ανθρωπων | | | — | — | — | ܡܢ | men? | Οἱ | men? | ||||||
| — | Οἱ | <the> | οι | | | altercabantur | — | — | — | — | δὲ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | si | cælo | And | ܕܝܢ | but | διελογίζοντο | And | ||||||
| — | διελογίζοντο | they were reasoning | διελογιζοντο | | | dixerimus | — | — | ܗܢܘܢ | they were reasoning | παρ’ | they were reasoning | ||||||
| — | ἐν | among | — | | | de | an | among | ܕܝܢ | among | ἑαυτοῖς | among | ||||||
| — | ἑαυτοῖς | themselves | εαυτοις | | | — | — | — | ܡܬܪܥܝܢ | themselves | λέγοντες | themselves | ||||||
| — | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | ex | ex | saying; | ܗܘܘ | saying; | Ἐὰν | saying; | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | If | εαν | | | hominibus | hominibus | If | ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ | If | εἴπωμεν | If | ||||||
| — | εἴπωμεν· | we shall say; | ειπωμεν | | | caelo | — | — | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | we shall say; | Ἐξ | we shall say; | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | From | εξ | | | dicet | At | From | ܕܐܢ | From | οὐρανοῦ | From | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῦ, | heaven, | ουρανου | | | nobis | — | — | ܢܐܡܪ | heaven, | ἐρεῖ | heaven, | ||||||
| — | ἐρεῖ | He will say | ερει | | | quare | illi | He will say | ܡܢ | He will say | ἡμῖν | He will say | ||||||
| — | ἡμῖν· | to us; | ημειν | | | — | — | — | ܫܡܝܐ | to us; | Διὰ | to us; | ||||||
| — | διὰ | Because of | δια | | | non | cogitabant | Because of | ܐܡܪ | Because of | τί | Because of | ||||||
| — | τί | why | τι | | | inter | inter | why | ܠܢ | why | οὖν | why | ||||||
| — | οὖν | then | — | | | crededistis | — | — | ܘܥܠ | then | οὐκ | then | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | se | se | not | ܡܢܐ | not | ἐπιστεύσατε | not | ||||||
| — | ἐπιστεύσατε | did you believe | επιστευσατε | | | ei | — | — | ܠܐ | did you believe | αὐτῷ | did you believe | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ; | in him? | αυτω | | | dicentes | dicentes | in him? | ܗܝܡܢܬܘܢܝܗܝ | in him? | αὐτῷ; | in him? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 21:34 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||