The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | τὸ | The | το | | | iohanis | — | — | — | — | Τὸ | The | ||||||
| — | βάπτισμα | baptism | βαπτισμα | | | baptismus | baptismus | baptism | ܕܝܘܚܢܢ | baptism | βάπτισμα | baptism | ||||||
| — | Ἰωάννου | of John | — | | | caelo | Joannis | of John | ܡܢ | of John | Ἰωάννου | of John | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | from | εξ | | | de | de | from | ܫܡܝܐ | from | ἐξ | from | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | ουρανου | | | — | cælo | heaven | ܗܘܬ | heaven | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | ||||||
| — | ἦν | was it | ην | | | erat | erat | was it | ܐܘ | was it | ἦν | was it | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | aut | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | from | εξ | | | ab | ex | from | ܒܢܝ | from | ἐξ | from | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπων; | men? | ανθρωπων | | | hominibus | hominibus | men? | ܐܢܫܐ | men? | ἀνθρώπων | men? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||