The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | ad | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | ad | At | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | συνελογίσαντο | they reasoned | — | | | illi | illi | they reasoned | ܕܝܢ | they reasoned | συνελογίσαντο | they reasoned | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | among | προς | | | cogitabant | cogitabant | among | ܡܬܚܫܒܝܢ | among | πρὸς | among | ||||||
| — | ἑαυτοὺς | themselves | εαυτους | | | ipsos | intra | themselves | ܗܘܘ | themselves | ἑαυτούς | themselves | ||||||
| — | λέγοντες | saying | λεγοντες | | | semet | se | saying | ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ | saying | λέγοντες | saying | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | dicentes | dicentes | that | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | If | εαν | | | quia | Quia | If | ܕܐܢ | If | Ἐὰν | If | ||||||
| — | εἴπωμεν· | we shall say: | ειπωμεν | | | si | si | we shall say: | ܢܐܡܪ | we shall say: | εἴπωμεν | we shall say: | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | From | εξ | | | dixerimus | dixerimus | From | — | — | Ἐξ | From | ||||||
| — | οὐρανοῦ, | heaven, | ουρανου | | | de | De | heaven, | ܡܢ | heaven, | οὐρανοῦ | heaven, | ||||||
| — | ἐρεῖ· | He will say; | ερι | | | caelo | cælo | He will say; | ܫܡܝܐ | He will say; | ἐρεῖ | He will say; | ||||||
| — | διὰ | Because of | δια | | | dicet | dicet | Because of | ܐܡܪ | Because of | Διὰ | Because of | ||||||
| — | τί | why | τι | | | quare | Quare | why | ܠܢ | why | τί | why | ||||||
| — | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܘܡܛܠ | therefore | οὐκ | therefore | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܡܢܐ | not | ἐπιστεύσατε | not | ||||||
| — | ἐπιστεύσατε | did you believe | επιστευσατε | | | credidistis | credidistis | did you believe | ܠܐ | did you believe | αὐτῷ | did you believe | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ; | in him? | αυτω | | | ei | illi | in him? | ܗܝܡܢܬܘܢܝܗܝ | in him? | αὐτῷ; | in him? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||