The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὅτι | for | οτι | | | quia | Quia | for | ܕܩܝܡܝܢ | for | Ὅτι | for | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | vero | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | ἐγείρονται | are raised | εγειρονται | | | resurgunt | resurgant | are raised | ܡܝܬܐ | are raised | ἐγείρονται | are raised | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | νεκροί, | dead, | νεκροι | | | mortui | mortui | dead, | ܐܦ | dead, | νεκροί | dead, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | even | — | | | et | et | even | ܡܘܫܐ | even | καὶ | even | ||||||
| — | Μωϋσῆς | Moses | μωϋσης | | | moyses | Moyses | Moses | — | — | Μωσῆς | Moses | ||||||
| — | ἐμήνυσεν | showed | — | | | significauit | ostendit | showed | ܒܕܩ | showed | ἐμήνυσεν | showed | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | at | επι | | | — | secus | at | ܐܕܟܪ | at | ἐπὶ | at | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | in | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | βάτου | bush | βατου | | | rubo | rubum | bush | ܓܝܪ | bush | βάτου | bush | ||||||
| — | ὡς | when | ως | | | — | sicut | when | ܒܤܢܝܐ | when | ὡς | when | ||||||
| — | λέγει | he names | λεγει | | | dicit | dicit | he names | ܟܕ | he names | λέγει | he names | ||||||
| — | κύριον | the Lord | κν | | | dom | Dominum | the Lord | ܐܡܪ | the Lord | Κύριον | the Lord | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | quomodo | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | θεὸν | God | θν | | | dm | Deum | God | ܡܪܝܐ | God | θεὸν | God | ||||||
| — | Ἀβραὰμ | of Abraham | αβρααμ | | | abraham | Abraham | of Abraham | ܐܠܗܗ | of Abraham | Ἀβραὰμ | of Abraham | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | θεὸν | God | θν | | | dm | Deum | God | ܕܐܒܪܗܡ | God | θεὸν | God | ||||||
| — | Ἰσαὰκ | of Isaac | — | | | isac | Isaac | of Isaac | ܘܐܠܗܗ | of Isaac | Ἰσαὰκ | of Isaac | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | et | and | ܕܐܝܤܚܩ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | — | | | dm | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | θεὸν | God | θν | | | — | Deum | God | ܘܐܠܗܗ | God | θεὸν | God | ||||||
| — | Ἰακώβ. | of Jacob.’ | ϊακωβ | | | uacob | Jacob | of Jacob.’ | ܕܝܥܩܘܒ | of Jacob.’ | Ἰακώβ | of Jacob.’ | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||