The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | θεὸς | God | — | | | ds | Deus | God | ܐܠܗܐ | God | Θεὸς | God | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | — | | | — | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | — | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ἔστιν | He is | — | | | es | est | He is | ܗܘܐ | He is | ἔστιν | He is | ||||||
| — | νεκρῶν | of the dead | νεκρων | | | mortuorum | mortuorum | of the dead | ܕܡܝܬܐ | of the dead | νεκρῶν | of the dead | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | ||||||
| — | ζώντων· | of the living; | ζωντων | | | uiuorum | vivorum | of the living; | ܕܚܝܐ | of the living; | ζώντων | of the living; | ||||||
| — | πάντες | all | παντες | | | omnes | omnes | all | ܟܠܗܘܢ | all | πάντες | all | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | uiuent | vivunt | to Him | ܚܝܝܢ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | ||||||
| — | ζῶσιν.¶ | live. | ζωσιν | | | illi | ei | live. | ܐܢܘܢ | live. | ζῶσιν | live. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||