The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Προσελθόντες | Having approached | προσελθοντες | | | accentes | Accesserunt | Having approached | ܩܪܒܘ | Having approached | Προσελθόντες | Having approached | ||||||
| — | δέ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | then | ||||||
| — | τινες | some | τινες | | | quidam | quidam | some | ܐܢܫܝܢ | some | τινες | some | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | eum | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | Σαδδουκαίων, | Sadducees, | σαδδουκαιων | | | sadducaeorum | sadducæorum | Sadducees, | ܡܢ | Sadducees, | Σαδδουκαίων | Sadducees, | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the ones | οι | | | dicunt | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the ones | ||||||
| — | ἀντιλέγοντες | denying | — | | | qui | qui | denying | ܙܕܘܩܝܐ | denying | ἀντιλέγοντες | denying | ||||||
| — | ἀνάστασιν | a resurrection | αναστασιν | | | — | negant | a resurrection | ܗܢܘܢ | a resurrection | ἀνάστασιν | a resurrection | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | esse | esse | not | ܕܐܡܪܝܢ | not | μὴ | not | ||||||
| — | εἶναι, | being, | ειναι | | | resurrectionem | resurrectionem | being, | ܕܩܝܡܬܐ | being, | εἶναι | being, | ||||||
| — | ἐπηρώτησαν | they questioned | επηρωτησαν | | | non | et | they questioned | ܠܝܬ | they questioned | ἐπηρώτησαν | they questioned | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | interrogauerunt | interrogaverunt | Him | ܘܫܐܠܘܗܝ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||