The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying; | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | ||||||
| — | διδάσκαλε, | Teacher, | διδασκαλε | | | magister | Magister | Teacher, | ܠܗ | Teacher, | Διδάσκαλε | Teacher, | ||||||
| — | Μωϋσῆς | Moses | μωϋσης | | | moyses | Moyses | Moses | ܡܠܦܢܐ | Moses | Μωσῆς | Moses | ||||||
| — | ἔγραψεν | wrote | εγραψεν | | | scripsit | scripsit | wrote | — | — | ἔγραψεν | wrote | ||||||
| — | ἡμῖν· | to us: | ημειν | | | nobis | nobis | to us: | ܡܘܫܐ | to us: | ἡμῖν | to us: | ||||||
| — | ἐάν | if | εαν | | | si | Si | if | ܟܬܒ | if | Ἐάν | if | ||||||
| — | τινος | anyone’s | τινος | | | frater | frater | anyone’s | ܠܢ | anyone’s | τινος | anyone’s | ||||||
| — | ἀδελφὸς | brother | αδελφος | | | cuius | alicujus | brother | ܕܐܢ | brother | ἀδελφὸς | brother | ||||||
| — | ἀποθάνῃ | shall die | αποθανη | | | mortuus | mortuus | shall die | ܐܢܫ | shall die | ἀποθάνῃ | shall die | ||||||
| — | ἔχων | having | — | | | fuerit | fuerit | having | — | — | ἔχων | having | ||||||
| — | γυναῖκα | a wife | — | | | habens | habens | a wife | ܢܡܘܬ | a wife | γυναῖκα | a wife | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | uxorem | uxorem | and | ܐܚܘܗܝ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οὗτος | he | — | | | et | et | he | ܕܐܝܬ | he | οὗτος | he | ||||||
| — | ἄτεκνος | childless | ατεκνος | | | — | hic | childless | ܠܗ | childless | ἄτεκνος | childless | ||||||
| — | ᾖ, | shall be, | — | | | sine | sine | shall be, | ܐܢܬܬܐ | shall be, | ἀποθάνῃ | shall be, | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | that | — | | | filiis | liberis | that | — | — | ἵνα | that | ||||||
| — | λάβῃ | shall take | — | | | — | fuerit | shall take | ܕܠܐ | shall take | λάβῃ | shall take | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | — | | | ut | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀδελφὸς | brother | — | | | accipiat | accipiat | brother | ܒܢܝܐ | brother | ἀδελφὸς | brother | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of him | — | | | eius | eam | of him | ܢܤܒ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | — | | | frater | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | γυναῖκα | wife | γυναικα | | | eius | ejus | wife | ܐܚܘܗܝ | wife | γυναῖκα | wife | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | uxorem | uxorem | and | ܐܢܬܬܗ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐξαναστήσῃ | shall raise up | — | | | — | et | shall raise up | — | — | ἐξαναστήσῃ | shall raise up | ||||||
| — | σπέρμα | seed | — | | | resuscitet | suscitet | seed | ܘܢܩܝܡ | seed | σπέρμα | seed | ||||||
| — | τῷ | to the | — | | | semen | — | — | — | — | τῷ | to the | ||||||
| — | ἀδελφῷ | brother | — | | | fratri | fratri | brother | ܙܪܥܐ | brother | ἀδελφῷ | brother | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | of him. | αυτου | | | suo | suo | of him. | ܠܐܚܘܗܝ | of him. | αὐτοῦ | of him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||