The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
απεκριθηP66 | and | Καὶ | and | — | | | respondit | Respondit | and | ܘܥܢܐ | and | Καὶ | and | |||||
θωμασP66 | Answered | ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | απεκριθη | | | thomas | Thomas | Answered | — | — | ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | |||||
καιP66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | illi | — | — | — | — | Θωμᾶς | <the> | |||||
ειπενP66 | Thomas | Θωμᾶς | Thomas | θωμας | | | et | et | Thomas | ܬܐܘܡܐ | Thomas | καὶ | Thomas | |||||
αυτωP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | dixit | dixit | and | — | — | εἶπεν | and | |||||
οP66 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | — | ei | said | ܘܐܡܪ | said | αὐτῷ | said | |||||
κσP66 | to Him; | αὐτῷ· | to Him; | αυτω | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | to Him; | |||||
μουP66 | O | ὁ | O | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | κύριός | O | |||||
καιP66 | Lord | κύριός | Lord | — | | | — | Dominus | Lord | ܠܗ | Lord | μου | Lord | |||||
οP66 | of Mine | μου | of Mine | — | | | meus | meus | of Mine | — | — | καὶ | of Mine | |||||
θσP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܡܪܝ | and | ὁ | and | |||||
μουP66 | O | ὁ | O | ο | | | dms | — | — | — | — | θεός | O | |||||
θεόςP66 | God | θεός | God | — | | | deus | Deus | God | — | — | μου | God | |||||
μου.P66 | of mine! | μου. | of mine! | μου | | | meus | meus | of mine! | ܘܐܠܗܝ | of mine! | μου. | of mine! | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||