The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τοτεP66 · P90 | At that time | Τότε | At that time | τοτε | | | tunc | Tunc | At that time | ܗܝܕܝܢ | At that time | Τότε | At that time | |||||
ουνP66 · P90 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | — | — | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οP66 · P90 | took | ἔλαβεν | took | ελαβεν | | | appręhendit | apprehendit | took | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | took | ἔλαβεν | took | |||||
πειλατοσP66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ελαβενP66 · P90 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | Pilate | — | — | Πιλάτος | Pilate | |||||
τονP66 · P90 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
ινP66 · P90 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιν | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus | ܢܓܕܗ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | |||||
καιP66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
εμαστιγωσενP66 · P90 | flogged Him. | ἐμαστίγωσεν. | flogged Him. | εμαστιγωσεν | | | flagellauit | flagellavit | flogged Him. | ܠܝܫܘܥ | flogged Him. | ἐμαστίγωσεν | flogged Him. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||