The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εκραυγασανP60 · P66 · P90 | They cried out | ἐκραύγασαν | They cried out | εκραυγασαν | | | clamauerunt | Clamaverunt | They cried out | ܘܩܥܘ | They cried out | Ἐκραύγασαν | They cried out | |||||
παλινP60 · P66 · P90 | then | οὖν | then | ουν | | | — | ergo | then | ܟܠܗܘܢ | then | οὖν | then | |||||
παντεσP60 · P66 · P90 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | rursum | rursum | again | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | again | πάλιν | again | |||||
λεγοντεσP60 · P66 · P90 | all | πάντες | all | — | | | omnes | omnes | all | ܠܐ | all | πάντες | all | |||||
μηP60 · P66 · P90 | saying; | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying; | ܠܗܢܐ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | |||||
τουτονP60 · P66 · P90 | Not | μὴ | Not | μη | | | non | Non | Not | ܐܠܐ | Not | Μὴ | Not | |||||
αλλαP60 · P66 · P90 | this one | τοῦτον | this one | τουτον | | | hunc | hunc | this one | ܠܒܪ | this one | τοῦτον | this one | |||||
τονP60 · P66 · P90 | but | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | |||||
βαραββανP60 · P66 · P90 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
ηνP60 · P66 · P90 | Barabbas! | Βαραββᾶν· | Barabbas! | βαραββαν | | | barabban | Barabbam | Barabbas! | ܗܘܐ | Barabbas! | Βαραββᾶν | Barabbas! | |||||
δεP60 · P66 · P90 | Was | ἦν | Was | ῆν | | | erat | Erat | Was | ܕܝܢ | Was | ἦν | Was | |||||
οP60 · P66 · P90 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
βαραββασP60 · P66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ληστησP60 · P66 · P90 | Barabbas | Βαραββᾶς | Barabbas | βαραββας | | | barabbas | Barabbas | Barabbas | ܐܒܐ | Barabbas | Βαραββᾶς | Barabbas | |||||
λῃστής.¶P60 · P66 · P90 | an insurrectionist. | λῃστής.¶ | an insurrectionist. | ληστης | | | latro | latro | an insurrectionist. | ܓܝܤܐ | an insurrectionist. | λῃστής | an insurrectionist. | |||||
| Next Fragment: John 19:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||