The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τοP66 · P75 | That | Τὸ | That | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | Τὸ | That | ||||||
γεP66 · P75 | born | γεγεννημένον | born | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | natum | born | ܡܕܡ | born | γεγεννημένον | born | ||||||
γεγεννημενονP66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | est | of | ܕܝܠܝܕ | of | ἐκ | of | ||||||
εκP66 · P75 | the | τῆς | the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
τησP66 · P75 | flesh | σαρκὸς | flesh | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | carne | flesh | ܡܢ | flesh | σαρκὸς | flesh | ||||||
σαρκοσP66 · P75 | flesh | σάρξ | flesh | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | caro | flesh | ܒܤܪܐ | flesh | σάρξ | flesh | ||||||
σαρξP66 · P75 | is, | ἐστιν, | is, | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | est | is, | ܒܤܪܐ | is, | ἐστιν | is, | ||||||
εστινP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | et | and | ܗܘ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
καιP66 · P75 | that | τὸ | that | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τὸ | that | ||||||
τοP66 · P75 | born | γεγεννημένον | born | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | natum | born | ܘܡܕܡ | born | γεγεννημένον | born | ||||||
γεγεννημενονP66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | est | of | ܕܝܠܝܕ | of | ἐκ | of | ||||||
εκP66 · P75 | the | τοῦ | the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
τουP66 · P75 | Spirit | πνεύματος | Spirit | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | spiritu | Spirit | ܡܢ | Spirit | πνεύματος | Spirit | ||||||
πνσP66 · P75 | spirit | πνεῦμά | spirit | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | spiritus | spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | spirit | πνεῦμά | spirit | ||||||
πνευμαP66 · P75 | is. | ἐστιν. | is. | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | est | is. | ܪܘܚܐ | is. | ἐστιν | is. | ||||||
| Next Verse Available | Resumes at 3:26 | ||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||