The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ΤῇP105 | on the | Τῇ | on the | τη | | | ad | ad | on the | — | — | Τῇ | on the | |||||
δὲP105 | And | δὲ | And | δε | | | in | Altera | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
ἐπαύριονP105 | next day | ἐπαύριον | next day | επαυριον | | | autem | autem | next day | ܕܝܢ | next day | ἐπαύριον | next day | |||||
ἥτιςP105 | which | ἥτις | which | ητις | | | crastinum | die | which | ܕܡܚܪ | which | ἥτις | which | |||||
ἐστὶνP105 | is | ἐστὶν | is | εστιν | | | quae | quæ | is | ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ | is | ἐστὶν | is | |||||
μετὰP105 | after | μετὰ | after | μετα | | | est | est | after | ܒܬܪ | after | μετὰ | after | |||||
τὴνP105 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | pilatum | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
παρασκευήν,P105 | Preparation, | παρασκευήν, | Preparation, | παρασκευην | | | post | post | Preparation, | ܥܪܘܒܬܐ | Preparation, | Παρασκευήν | Preparation, | |||||
συνήχθησανP105 | were gathered together | συνήχθησαν | were gathered together | συνηχθησαν | | | — | Parasceven | were gathered together | ܐܬܟܢܫܘ | were gathered together | συνήχθησαν | were gathered together | |||||
οἱP105 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | cena | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
ἀρχιερεῖςP105 | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | αρχιερεις | | | conuenerunt | convenerunt | chief priests | ܪܒܝ | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | |||||
καὶP105 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | principes | principes | and | ܟܗܢܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
οἱP105 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | puram | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
ΦαρισαῖοιP105 | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | sacerdotum | sacerdotum | Pharisees | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | |||||
πρὸςP105 | before | πρὸς | before | προς | | | et | et | before | ܠܘܬ | before | πρὸς | before | |||||
ΠιλᾶτονP105 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτον | Pilate | πειλατον | | | pharisaei | pharisæi | Pilate | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Pilate | Πιλάτον | Pilate | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||