The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ὀψὲ | Late | οψε | | | sero | Vespere | Late | ܒܪܡܫܐ | Late | Ὀψὲ | Late | ||||||
| — | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | ||||||
| — | σαββάτων | of the Sabbaths | σαββατων | | | sabbatorum | sabbati | of the Sabbaths | ܒܫܒܬܐ | of the Sabbaths | σαββάτων | of the Sabbaths | ||||||
| — | τῇ | when | τη | | | sepulchrum | sepulchrum | when | — | — | τῇ | when | ||||||
| — | ἐπιφωσκούσῃ | dawning | επιφωσκουση | | | — | quæ | dawning | — | — | ἐπιφωσκούσῃ | dawning | ||||||
| — | εἰς | toward | εις | | | in | lucescit | toward | ܕܢܓܗ | toward | εἰς | toward | ||||||
| — | μίαν | the first day | μειαν | | | inlucescente | in | the first day | ܚܕ | the first day | μίαν | the first day | ||||||
| — | σαββάτων | of the week | σαββατων | | | — | prima | of the week | ܒܫܒܐ | of the week | σαββάτων | of the week | ||||||
| — | ἦλθεν | came | ηλθεν | | | sabbatorum | sabbati | came | ܐܬܬ | came | ἦλθεν | came | ||||||
| — | Μαριὰμ | Mary | — | | | uenit | venit | Mary | ܡܪܝܡ | Mary | Μαρία | Mary | ||||||
| — | ἡ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Μαγδαληνὴ | Magdalene | — | | | maria | Maria | Magdalene | ܡܓܕܠܝܬܐ | Magdalene | Μαγδαληνή | Magdalene | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | magdalene | Magdalene | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | — | | | una | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | ἄλλη | other | — | | | et | et | other | ܘܡܪܝܡ | other | ἄλλη | other | ||||||
| — | Μαρία | Mary | μαρια | | | — | altera | Mary | ܐܚܪܬܐ | Mary | Μαρία | Mary | ||||||
| — | θεωρῆσαι | to see | θεωρησαι | | | maria | Maria | to see | ܕܢܚܙܝܢ | to see | θεωρῆσαι | to see | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | alia | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | τάφον. | tomb. | ταφον | | | uidere | videre | tomb. | ܩܒܪܐ | tomb. | τάφον | tomb. | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||