The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 | And | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | and | ܘܗܘܐ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
εγενετοP45 | it came to pass | ἐγένετο | it came to pass | εγενετο | | | factum | factum | ? | ܕܟܕ | it came to pass | ἐγένετο | it came to pass | |||||
οτεP45 | when | ὅτε | when | οτε | | | est | est | is | — | — | ὅτε | when | |||||
ετελεσενP45 | finished | ἐτέλεσεν | finished | — | | | cum | cum | when/with | ܫܠܡ | finished | ἐτέλεσεν | finished | |||||
τουσP45 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
λογουσP45 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | consummasset | consummasset | ? | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
τουτουσP45 | all | πάντας | all | παντας | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܟܠܗܝܢ | all | πάντας | all | |||||
οP45 | <the> | τοὺς | <the> | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 | words | λόγους | words | λογους | | | sermones | hos | ? | ܡܠܐ | words | λόγους | words | |||||
παντασP45 | these, | τούτους, | these, | τουτους | | | hos | omnes | all | — | — | τούτους | these, | |||||
ειπενP45 | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | omnes | dixit | said | ܗܠܝܢ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | |||||
τοισP45 | to the | τοῖς | to the | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | to the | |||||
μαθηταισP45 | disciples | μαθηταῖς | disciples | μαθηταις | | | dixit | discipulis | ? | ܐܡܪ | disciples | μαθηταῖς | disciples | |||||
αυτουP45 | of Him; | αὐτοῦ· | of Him; | — | | | discipulis | suis | ? | ܠܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | of Him; | αὐτοῦ | of Him; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||