The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | τότε | Then | τοτε | | | tunc | Tunc | Then | ܗܝܕܝܢ | Then | Τότε | Then | ||||||
| — | ἀπέλυσεν | he released | απελυσεν | | | dimisit | dimisit | he released | ܫܪܐ | he released | ἀπέλυσεν | he released | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | caesum | illis | to them | ܠܗܘܢ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | crucifigerent | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | Βαραββᾶν· | Barabbas; | βαραββαν | | | barabbam | Barabbam | Barabbas; | ܠܒܪ | Barabbas; | Βαραββᾶν | Barabbas; | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | eis | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | and | δε | | | ihm | Jesum | and | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | and | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιην | | | autem | autem | Jesus | ܘܢܓܕ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ||||||
| — | φραγελλώσας | having flogged | — | | | flagris | flagellatum | having flogged | ܒܦܪܓܠܐ | having flogged | φραγελλώσας | having flogged | ||||||
| — | παρέδωκεν | He delivered up Him | παρεδωκεν | | | tradidit | tradidit | He delivered up Him | ܠܝܫܘܥ | He delivered up Him | παρέδωκεν | He delivered up Him | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | that | ϊνα | | | eis | eis | that | ܘܐܫܠܡܗ | that | ἵνα | that | ||||||
| — | σταυρωθῇ.¶ | He may be crucified. | — | | | ut | ut | He may be crucified. | ܕܢܙܕܩܦ | He may be crucified. | σταυρωθῇ | He may be crucified. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 27:62 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||