The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܬܡܠܟܘ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
συνεβουλευσαντοP45 | they plotted together | συνεβουλεύσαντο | they plotted together | — | | | consiliabantur | consilium | they plotted together | ܥܠ | they plotted together | συνεβουλεύσαντο | they plotted together | |||||
ιναP45 | in order that | ἵνα | in order that | ϊνα | | | — | fecerunt | in order that | — | — | ἵνα | in order that | |||||
τονP45 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | ut | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιην | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | |||||
δολωιP45 | by guile | δόλῳ | by guile | δολω | | | dolo | dolo | by guile | ܕܒܢܟܠܐ | by guile | δόλῳ | by guile | |||||
κρατησωσινP45 | they may seize | κρατήσωσιν | they may seize | κρατησωσιν | | | tenerent | tenerent | they may seize | — | — | κρατήσωσιν | they may seize | |||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܢܐܚܕܘܢܝܗܝ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
αποκτεινωσινP45 | may kill. | ἀποκτείνωσιν. | may kill. | αποκτεινωσιν | | | occiderent | occiderent | may kill. | ܘܢܩܛܠܘܢܝܗܝ | may kill. | ἀποκτείνωσιν | may kill. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||