The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Οὐαὶ | Woe | ουαι | | | uae | Væ | Woe | ܘܝ | Woe | Οὐαὶ | Woe | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν, | to you, | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | to you, | ܠܟܘܢ | to you, | ὑμῖν | to you, | ||||||
| — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | scribae | scribæ | scribes | ܤܦܪܐ | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | pharisaei | pharisæi | Pharisees | ܢܤܒܝ | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | ||||||
| — | ὑποκριταί, | hypocrites! | ϋποκριται | | | ypocritae | hypocritæ | hypocrites! | ܒܐܦܐ | hypocrites! | ὑποκριταί | hypocrites! | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | For | οτι | | | — | qui | For | ܕܒܢܝܢ | For | ὅτι | For | ||||||
| — | οἰκοδομεῖτε | you build | οικοδομειτε | | | quoniam | ædificatis | you build | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you build | οἰκοδομεῖτε | you build | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | τάφους | tombs | ταφους | | | sepulcra | sepulchra | tombs | ܩܒܪܐ | tombs | τάφους | tombs | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | προφητῶν | prophets | προφητων | | | prophetarum | prophetarum | prophets | ܕܢܒܝܐ | prophets | προφητῶν | prophets | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܡܨܒܬܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | κοσμεῖτε | adorn | κοσμειτε | | | aedificatis | ornatis | adorn | ܐܢܬܘܢ | adorn | κοσμεῖτε | adorn | ||||||
| — | τὰ | the | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | ||||||
| — | μνημεῖα | monuments | μνημεια | | | monumenta | monumenta | monuments | ܒܝܬ | monuments | μνημεῖα | monuments | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | urnatis | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | δικαίων | righteous | δικαιων | | | iustorum | justorum | righteous | ܩܒܘܪܐ | righteous | δικαίων | righteous | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||