The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηλθονP19 | I came | ἦλθον | I came | ηλθον | | | ueni | veni | I came | ܐܬܝܬ | I came | Ἦλθον | I came | |||||
γαρP19 | for | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | |||||
διχασαιP19 | to set at variance | διχάσαι | to set at variance | — | | | separare | separare | to set at variance | — | — | διχάσαι | to set at variance | |||||
ανθρωπονP19 | A man | ἄνθρωπον | A man | — | | | filiam | hominem | A man | ܕܐܦܠܘܓ | A man | ἄνθρωπον | A man | |||||
καταP19 | against | κατὰ | against | κατα | | | aduersum | adversus | against | ܓܒܪܐ | against | κατὰ | against | |||||
τουP19 | the | τοῦ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
πατροσP19 | father | πατρὸς | father | πατρος | | | patrem | patrem | father | — | — | πατρὸς | father | |||||
αυτουP19 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | suum | suum | of him | ܥܠ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | |||||
καιP19 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܒܘܗܝ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
θυγατεραP19 | a daughter | θυγατέρα | a daughter | θυγατερα | | | filium | filiam | a daughter | — | — | θυγατέρα | a daughter | |||||
καταP19 | against | κατὰ | against | κατα | | | aduersus | adversus | against | ܘܒܪܬܐ | against | κατὰ | against | |||||
τησP19 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
μητροσP19 | mother | μητρὸς | mother | μητρος | | | matrem | matrem | mother | ܥܠ | mother | μητρὸς | mother | |||||
αυτησP19 | of her | αὐτῆς | of her | αυτης | | | suam | suam | of her | — | — | αὐτῆς | of her | |||||
καιP19 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܡܗ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
νυμφηνP19 | a daughter-in-law | νύμφην | a daughter-in-law | νυμφην | | | — | nurum | a daughter-in-law | ܘܟܠܬܐ | a daughter-in-law | νύμφην | a daughter-in-law | |||||
καταP19 | against | κατὰ | against | κατα | | | aduersus | adversus | against | — | — | κατὰ | against | |||||
τησP19 | the | τῆς | the | της | | | sponsam | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | |||||
πενθερασP19 | mother-in-law | πενθερᾶς | mother-in-law | πενθερας | | | socram | socrum | mother-in-law | ܥܠ | mother-in-law | πενθερᾶς | mother-in-law | |||||
αυτησP19 | of her; | αὐτῆς· | of her; | αυτης | | | suam | suam | of her; | ܚܡܬܗ | of her; | αὐτῆς | of her; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||